福建省县域多维贫困地理识别及空间分布格局

Geographical identification and spatial pattern of multi-dimensional poverty in the counties of Fujian

准确识别贫困区域及其空间分布特征是落实精准扶贫政策,提高农村扶贫质量和效率的关键。以福建省县域为研究对象,运用脆弱性-可持续生计分析框架,构建福建省县域多维贫困识别指标体系,识别福建省贫困县及其空间分布特征,并对识别出的多维贫困县进行类型划分。研究发现:(1)福建省67个县(市、区)中有27个被识别为多维贫困县,识别出的多维贫困县的空间分布集聚特征显著,集中分布在闽西和闽北的山地和丘陵地区;(2)识别出的多维贫困县被划分为金融基建兼缺型、基础建设缺乏型、人力基建兼缺型、生计途径缺乏型、发展条件缺乏型等5种类型。据此,提出相应的建议:(1)对贫困人口和贫困区域进行有效瞄准;(2)根据农户具体的生计资本情况采取差异性扶贫措施,以更好地落实以县域为基础的扶贫工作,为精准扶贫开发研究提供一定的借鉴。

Accurately identifying the characteristics of poverty-stricken areas and their spatial distribution is the key to implementing precise poverty alleviation policies and improving the quality and efficiency of rural poverty alleviation. Taking the counties of Fujian as the research object,this paper uses the framework of vulnerability and sustainable livelihood analysis proposed by DFID to establish an index system of multi-dimensional poverty identification in the counties of Fujian. Furthermore,the study identifies the multi-dimensional poverty-stricken counties and their spatial distribution. At last,the identified multi-dimensional poverty-stricken counties are classified into five types. The results show that：（ 1） a total of 27 counties are identified as multi-dimensional poverty-stricken counties,and the multi-dimensional poverty-stricken counties have significant spatial distribution characteristics,which are concentrated in the mountainous and hilly areas of the western and northern of Fujian;（ 2） multi-dimensional poverty-stricken counties are classified into five types,that are,lack of both financial capital and infrastructure,lack of infrastructure,lack of both human capital and infrastructure,lack of means of livelihoods and lack of development condition. Accordingly,two suggestions are proposed to implement the poverty alleviation based on the county level and provide some reference for the development of precise poverty alleviation：（ 1） effective aim at poverty-stricken population and areas;（ 2） adopt differential poverty alleviation measures based on the specific livelihood capital of farmers.