施用有机肥对温室黄瓜生长和品质的影响

Effects of organic manure on growth and quality of cucumber in greenhouse

为确定青海省黄瓜种植的合理有机肥施用量,选用"沃土绿丰"牌生物有机肥为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,研究有机肥不同施用量对黄瓜生物性状、产量、品质和土壤有机质、全盐的影响。结果表明:施用3 750 kg/hm^2有机肥处理,产量最高为106 500 kg/hm^2,较不施有机肥处理增产3 900 kg/hm^2,增产率为3.80%,且显著高于其他处理。施用3 750 kg/hm^2有机肥处理,Vc含量显著高于其他处理,为101.14 mg/kg,较不施有机肥处理增加了8.78 mg/kg;可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理,为1.48%,较不施有机肥处理增加了0.12%;可溶性蛋白含量显著高于其他处理,为1.37 mg/kg,较不施有机肥处理增加了0.05 mg/kg。收获后较定植前施用有机肥处理,土壤有机质提高了0.06~0.54 g/kg,3 750 kg/hm^2有机肥处理增量最大为0.54 g/kg,不施有机肥处理土壤有机质下降了0.34 g/kg;土壤全盐降低了0.30~0.76 g/kg,3 750 kg/hm^2有机肥处理减量最多为0.76 g/kg;不施有机肥处理土壤全盐增加了0.14 g/kg。说明3 750 kg/hm^2有机肥施用量为该地区温室最合理的施用量,既能提高黄瓜产量,改善品质,又能培肥地力。

To determine the reasonable amount of organic manure for cucumber cultivation,the Wotu Lvfeng bio-organic fertilizer was selected as the experimental material,and the random block design was adopted,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic manure application rates treatments on biological characteristics,quality,soil organic matter and total salt.The results showed that after 3 750 kg/hm^2 organic fertilizer application,the yield reached highest106 500 kg/hm^2,and 3 900 kg/hm^2 higher than non-organic manure treatment,with increase rate of 3. 80%,and significantly higher than other treatments. Under the treatment of organic manure3 750 kg/hm^2,the content of Vc was 101. 14 mg/kg,which was significantly higher than other treatments,increased 8. 78 mg/kg compare to non-organic manure treatment,with increase rate of9. 51%. The content of soluble sugar was 1. 48%,which was significantly higher than other treatments and the content of soluble sugar increased 0. 12% compare with non-organic manure treatment. The content of soluble protein was 1. 37 mg/kg,which was significantly higher than othertreatments and the content of soluble protein increased 0. 05 mg/kg compare with non-organic manure treatment,with an increasing rate of 3. 79%. Soil organic matter increased by 0. 06 ~ 0. 54 g/kg under organic manure treatments after the harvest,and the maximum increase was 0. 54 g/kg under the treatment of organic manure 3 750 kg/hm^2. Soil organic matter decreased 0. 34 g/kg under non-organic manure treatment after the harvest. Soil total salt decreased by 0. 30 ~ 0. 76 g/kg under organic manure treatments after the harvest,and the maximum decrease was 0. 76 g/kg under the treatment of organic manure 3 750 kg/hm^2. Soil total salt increased 0. 14 g/kg under non-organic manure treatment after the harvest. It shows that 3 750 kg/hm^2 organic manure application was the most reasonable application in greenhouse of this area,which could not only improve cucumber yield and quality,but also improve soil fertility.