论自由贸易与劳工标准的联接及其对中国的影响——以TPP协定劳工条款为例

Research on the Coherence between Free Trade and Labor Standards and Its Implication on China——In case of TPP labor articles

自"乌拉圭回合"以后,自由贸易与劳工标准的联接就涌向了多边贸易体制谈判政策议程的前台,并不断凸显出贸易与非贸易目标之间的紧张、自由贸易与贸易保护主义之间的冲突以及发达国家和发展中国家之间的根本性分歧。发达国家认为,把由ILO制定的劳工标准纳入到贸易协定中有助于改进发展中国家的劳工状况,同时也减缓发展中国家借助经济全球化浪潮而带来的商品涌入对发达国家劳动密集型等产业造成的冲击,削弱发展中国家的比较优势。发展中国家认为,劳工标准的高低与一国经济发展水平息息相关,由于各国发展水平不同,并不存在一个统一的劳工标准。新达成的TPP协定中也包括要求各缔约方遵守国际劳工标准的劳工条款。中国应该采取措施应对,了解此类问题并找出解决办法,有助于中国避免在以后的贸易谈判中因劳工问题而陷入困境。

After the Uruguay Round, the issue of the coherence between free trade and labor standards has been brought to theforefront of multilateral trade policy negotiation agenda. It has consistently reflected fundamental differences between trade and non-trade aims, free trade and trade protectionism, developed countries and developing countries. Developed countries believe that the inclusion of labor standards formulated by ILO in trade agreements can help improve the labor situation in developing countries and slowdown the negative impact on labor-intensive industries of the influx of goods from developing countries with the tide of economic globalization, which will weaken comparative advantages of developing countries. But developing countries believe that the level of laborstandards is closely related to the level of economic development situations of a country. Because of different development situations ofdifferent countries, there is no uniform labor standard. The newly agreed TPP agreement also includes labor articles that require eachparty to comply with international labor standards. China should take necessary measures to deal with such problems and find solutionsto avoid getting into trouble in the future trade negotiations due to labor issues.