安定区马铃薯旱地秸秆带状覆盖栽培技术试验

Experimental Study on Corn Straw Banded Mulching Cultivation Technique of Potato in Anding District

采用随机区组设计,研究玉米整秆带状覆盖、黑色全膜覆盖和露地种植(CK)3个处理对马铃薯产量和经济效益的影响,探索旱地秸秆带状覆盖栽培技术在定西市安定区的推广应用,使作物秸秆得到就地资源化利用,减少面源污染和旱地农业可持续发展。玉米整秆带状覆盖处理能有效延长马铃薯的生育期,较黑色全膜覆盖处理延长6 d,较露地种植(CK)处理延长5 d。能提高土壤0~60 cm耕层含水量,但降低全生育期土壤温度。产量以玉米整秆带状覆盖处理最高,为31 433 kg/hm2,较黑色全膜覆盖处理增产4.26%,较露地种植(CK)增产27.84%。经济收益以黑色全膜覆盖处理最高,为16 749元/hm2,其次是玉米整秆带状覆盖处理,为16 283元/hm2。因此,玉米整秆带状覆盖栽培技术可在安定区继续试验的基础上,作为旱作区地膜覆盖的补充,在有条件的地方推广应用。

The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design of three treatments of corn straw banded mulching, full black film mulching and open field planting（CK） to study the effects of the three treatments on tuber yield and economic benefit in order to explore application and extension of dryland straw banded mulching cultivation technique in Anding District of Dingxi City, so as to make in situ resource utilization of crop straw, reduce non-point source pollution, and promote sustainable development of dryland agriculture. Corn straw banded mulching prolonged the growth period of the potato, 6 days longer than full black film mulching, and 5 days longer than open field planting（CK）. It also increased the soil water content of 0-60 cm, but reduced the soil temperature in the whole growth period.The treatment of corn straw banded mulching gave the highest yield, being 31 433 kg/ha, an increase by 4.26%compared with the full black film mulching, and 27.84% compared with the open field planting（CK）. For the economic benefit, full black film mulching was ranked the highest, 16 749 Yuan/ha, followed by corn straw banded mulching, which was 16 283 Yuan/ha. As a result, the corn straw banded mulching cultivation technique could be used as a supplement to the plastic film mulching in the dry farming area on the basis of the continuous experiment in Anding District and be used and extended in places where conditions are permitted.