试论清末张荫棠藏事改革中的行政体制改革

Political System Reform in Zhang Yintang's Tibet Reform During Late Qing Dynasty

适时调整、完善西藏地方的行政体制是清朝治藏的重要内容。清末张荫棠藏事改革中所规划的行政体制改革的核心内容包括裁撤驻藏大臣和驻藏帮办大臣,改设西藏行部大臣;行部大臣之下设左右参赞、左右参议,再分别设立"九局";地方一级的改革总体目标是逐步建立州县制。张荫棠的行政体制改革虽没有完全实施,但其在近代民族国家理念的驱使下,为建立一体化的中央直接治理体系所做的努力,对后世西藏政治制度的变革具有积极意义,亦对西藏地方与中央政府关系从王朝时代向现代国家时代的迈进具有重要的历史意义。

The adjust and improvement of local administrative system in Tibet is very important in Qing＇s rule over Tibet. The core of Zhang Yintang＇s political system reform in Tibet include dissolving Amban and assistant Amban,and setting imperial commissioner of Tibet; setting tsen-dzen（ counselor）,tsen-yi（ advisor）,and nine bureaus; establishing state-county system in local administration. Though his proposals were not implemented completely,driven by the idea of nationalism,Zhang Yintang＇s reform in Tibet established the direct control of central government over Tibet and promoted political system reform in Tibet. The reform also has great historical significance in changing Tibet from a part of dynasty to a part of modern country in term of its relation with the central government.