“不光彩”的起点——西藏和平解放前英国人福特在藏广播通讯传播活动刍议

An Ignominious Beginning: On Robert Ford's Participation in broadcast communication activities of Tibet before the peaceful liberation

罗伯特·福特是和平解放前最早为西藏地方政府从事无线电通讯及广播工作的外国人之一。作为西藏近现代史中的重要人物,从传播角度对他进行研究具有重要价值。在罗伯特·福特的自传《在藏被俘记》中,记载了其在西藏和平解放前受雇于原西藏地方政府,创办了"拉萨广播"和"昌都电台",并密切关注中国人民解放军进藏的动向的种种活动。福特在藏创建广播电台的新闻传播行为具有选择性与双重性,传播倾向具有政治性与反动性,其背后的逻辑是具有霸权性质的资产阶级传播意识形态的全球扩散。福特在藏的活动是所谓"西藏问题"国际化的源头之一,具有长期性和延续性的影响。研究西藏的传播史实,借鉴历史经验,对新时代做好西藏对外传播工作具有极其深远的现实意义。

Robert Ford was one of the earliest foreigners engaged in radio communication and broadcasting work for the local government before the liberation of Tibet. As an important figure in the modern history of Tibet,he has great value in the research from the perspective of communication. In Robert Ford＇s autobiography,＂Captured in Tibet,＂ it was recorded that he was employed by the former local government before the peaceful liberation of Tibet,founded the ＂Lhasa Radio＂ and ＂Changdu Radio＂,and collected various activities of Chinese People＇s Liberation Army entered Tibet at all times. Ford＇s news broadcasting behaviors in Tibet to create radio stations are selective and dualistic; the tendency of communication is political and reactionary; the logic behind it is the global proliferation of ideology with the hegemonic nature of the bourgeoisie. Ford＇s activities in Tibet are one of the sources of the internationalization of the so-called ＂Tibet issue＂,which has long-term and continuing influence. Studying the historical facts about the spread of Tibet and drawing on historical experience will have profound and far-reaching practical significance for doing a good job in Tibet＇s foreign communication work in the new era.