洛克哲学中自然法与自然权利的优先性问题——以财产权理论为线索的考察

A Discussion on the Priority Between Law of Nature and Natural Right in Locke's Philosophy——Based on Property Theory

《政府论》下篇中的财产权讨论是洛克政治哲学中的研究热点。在财产权理论中强调财产权是自然权利的主张造成一种洛克哲学中自然权利压倒自然法的印象。同时,财产权作为自然权利的神圣性也与财产权应受政治社会制约的思想产生了张力。本文将通过对洛克财产权理论中的要素,即财产权的主体"人"和成立要件"劳动"的分析,并结合对政治社会中财产权的考察,以财产权理论为线索比较自然法和自然权利的优先性并阐释政治社会中财产权的性质。

Locke＇s argument about property right in the Second Treatise of Civil Government has been under heated discussion on Locke＇s philosophy tor years. Locke＇s emphasis on the idea that property right is natural right has left the impression that natural right is more important and fundamental in his theol7 than law of nature. In the same time, to take property right as a natural right contradicts with political society＇s legal binding on property right. This paper aims to compare the priority between law of nature and natural right and figure out the character of property right in political society. In order to answer the questions, it will firstly analyze the two factors in Locke＇s argument about property right, human as property right＇s subject and labor as property right＇s premise. Secondly, it will discuss about the property right in the political society. In the last part of this paper, it will draw the conclusion about the question about whether natural right is prior to law of nature and what＇s the character of property right in political society.