从《老子本义》看魏源的“气”学思想

A Study of Wei Yuan's Ideology of “Qi” from the Perspective of The Thoughts of Lao Zi

在《老子本义》中魏源引入了"气"的概念。魏源用"血气"解释人天然的"争心"和欲望。他主张在个人修养上要"专气""贵柔",使柔弱的"冲和之气"充满人的内心。此外,魏源用"气化递嬗"解释社会历史的变迁。他认为,"自生自息而气运日趋于文",如果没有"侯王"的治理,社会发展将江河日下,无法恢复到本然的"太古之世"。所以,魏源主张"以质止文",使社会重返"无名之朴"。其后,魏源受公羊学的影响,进一步深化了对社会发展的认识。

In The Thoughts of Lao Zi,Wei Yuan introduced the concept of＂Qi＂.He explained human beings＇natural contention and desire by the idea of＂Xueqi＂（vigour）.He advocated that in personal cultivation,the individuals＇inner heart should be filled w ith＂Zhuanqi＂and＂Guirou＂,so as to achieve the state of blending gentility w ith their ow n nature.In addition,he used＂Qihuadishan＂（evolution of＂Qi＂）to explain the changes of social history.He believed that w ithout the governance of the throne social conditions w ould be declining.Therefore,he thought the ideology＂Tao＂should be used to bring the society back to the ideal state.After that,Wei Yuan w as influenced by the thoughts of＂gong-yang＂school and it enabled him to have a further understanding of social development.