干细胞来源的外泌体在急性肾损伤中的研究进展

Research Progress of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Acute Kidney Injury

急性肾损伤(AKI)在临床具有发病率高、病死率高等特点,目前尚无理想治疗方法。而干细胞来源的外泌体在其中具有重要作用。外泌体疗法作为一种新型无细胞治疗方法,为AKI的治疗提供了一种新思路。外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的圆形或特异性杯状外形的膜性囊泡,包含许多活性分子(蛋白质和RNA),其通过不同的机制作用于靶细胞,刺激组织器官的损伤修复,减少细胞凋亡、炎症和氧化应激反应。目前,虽然外泌体的组织修复作用已成为研究热点,但是仍有许多关键问题未得到解决,未来需进一步探索。

Acute kidney injury（ AKI） has high morbidity and mortality in clinical practice. There is no ideal treatment so far. Stem cell derived exosomes play an important role in this process. Exosomes therapy as a new cell-free treatment method provides a new idea for the treatment of AKI. Exosomes are membranous vesicles with round or specific goblet shapes secreted by cells,containing many active molecules（ proteins and RNA）,which act on target cells by different mechanisms,stimulate the repair of tissue damage,and reduce apoptosis,inflammation and oxidative stress reaction. At present,although the role of exosomes tissue repair has become a hot topic,many key problems still remain unsolved.