气力吸取式轨道吸沙机的吸沙特性探讨

Discussion on the Suction Sand Characteristics of Pneumatic Track Suction Sand Machine

针对我国沙化地区普速铁路和高速铁路人工清扫积沙劳动量大且搬运困难的问题,研发出一种安装在轨道车上的气力吸取式轨道吸沙机,并进行最大吸沙量、沉降沙粒的最小粒径等性能参数的理论计算、参数分析和试验验证。结果表明:在现有轨道和轨道车安装空间及供电条件下,推荐轨道吸沙机的风量为0.22m^3·s^(-1),最大风压60 000Pa;吸沙管内径38mm;贮沙筒内径按照车辆限界空间限制尽量取最大值0.9m;旋风分离筒排风管直径150mm;滤网过滤网孔直径0.2mm。依据推荐设计参数和选型,气力吸取式轨道吸沙机最大吸沙量约1.76m^3·h^(-1),贮沙筒内沉降沙粒最小粒径约0.06mm,旋风分离筒分离出沙粒的最小粒径、最大粒径和分割粒径分别为0.025,0.45和0.10mm,过滤筒内过滤出的最小沙粒粒径约0.15mm。研究结果可为吸沙部件的设计和选型提供依据。

In view of greater intensity of labor and difficult transportation for cleaning the accumulated sand on the tracks of ordinary and high speed railways in the desertification areas of China,a kind of pneumatic track suction sand machine mounted on a rail car has been developed.Theoretical calculation,parameter analysis and experimental verification are carried out on the performance parameters,such the as maximum sand suction capacity and minimum particle size of settling sand.Results show that,under the existing installation space and power supply conditions of track and rail car,the recommended air flow and the maximum wind pressure of track suction sand machine should be 0.22 m^3·s^-1 and 60 000 Pa respectively,and the inner diameter of sand suction pipe should be 38 mm.According to the limit space of vehicle clearance,the maximum value of 0.9 mshould be adopted as far as possible for the inner diameter of sand storage cylinder.The diameter of the exhaust pipe of the cyclone separator should be 150 mm.The diameter of the filter screen hole should be 0.2 mm.According to the recommended design parameters and selection,the maximum sand suction capacity of the pneumatic track suction sand machine is about 1.76 m^3·h^-1.The minimum particle size of settling sand in sand storage cylinder is about 0.06 mm.The minimum particle size,the maximum particle size and the cut diameter of sand particle separated from cyclone separator are 0.025,0.45 and 0.10 mm respectively.The smallest particle size in filter cartridge is about 0.15 mm. The research results can provide a basis for the design and selection of sand suction components.