横向紊流风作用下桁架梁上列车气动特性的试验研究

Experimental Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Train on Steel Truss Girder under Turbulent Crosswind

在风洞试验室建立2种大气紊流场,并以某钢桁梁和1列高速列车为例建立1∶29.7的车桥节段模型,进行横向紊流风作用下桁架梁上列车气动特性的试验。采用同步测压法得到静止列车上的气动力分布,研究列车在不同位置、不同风攻角以及不同紊流场下的侧向力系数和气动导纳函数。结果表明:两车交汇时位于迎风侧列车的侧向力系数最大,列车单车位于背风侧时的侧向力系数相对最小,在-3°风攻角时的列车侧向力系数比+3°风攻角时大,紊流场对列车的侧向力系数有一定的影响,高紊流场中的列车侧向力系数相对更大;列车位于迎风侧(单车迎风侧和双车迎风侧)时,其侧向力气动导纳相对较小,而升力气动导纳相对较大;当折减频率小于0.1时,列车侧向力气动导纳在+3°风攻角时最大,升力气动导纳在-3°风攻角时最大;紊流积分尺度越大,列车气动导纳相对越大。在对试验影响因素总结的基础上,提出列车侧向力和升力的气动导纳函数拟合公式。

Taking a steel truss girder and a G-series high-speed train as examples,the vehicle-bridge section model with the scale of 1∶29.7 and two kinds of atmospheric turbulence fields were established in wind tunnel laboratory to carry out tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train on truss girder under turbulent crosswinds.The aerodynamic force distribution on a stationary train was obtained by synchronous pressure measurement method.The lateral force coefficients and the aerodynamic admittance functions of the train at different positions,wind attack angles and turbulence fields were studied.Results showed that the lateral force coefficient of the train on the windward side was the largest when two trains passing each other in opposite directions.The lateral force coefficient of the single train on the leeward side was relative minimum.The lateral force coefficient of the train at-3°wind attack angle was larger than that at＋3°wind attack angle.The turbulence field had a certain influence on the lateral force coefficient of train,which was relatively large in high turbulence field.The aerodynamic admittance of train lateral force was relatively small while that of lift force was relatively large when the train was located on the windward side（single train and two trains）.When the reduction frequency was less than 0.1,the aerodynamic admittances of train lateral and lift forces were maximum at＋3°and-3°wind attack angles,respectively.The larger the turbulence integral scale was,the larger the aerodynamic admittance of train was.The influence factors of the test were summarized and the fitting formulas for the aerodynamic admittance functions of train lateral force and lift force were proposed.