2012—2017年上海市浦东新区轮状病毒感染性腹泻流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai(2012-2017)

目的了解上海市浦东新区轮状病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征,为科学防控提供依据。方法对上海市浦东新区2012—2017年15家腹泻病监测点的肠道和儿科门诊首次就诊的腹泻病例使用系统抽样的方法进行调查并采样,对粪便标本进行轮状病毒检测和分析。结果研究共检测11 836例腹泻病例的粪便标本,检出轮状病毒阳性1 145份,阳性率为9.67%。2012—2017年连续监测显示轮状病毒阳性率呈波动趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=450.625,P<0.001),以2017年阳性率(23.29%)最高。浦东新区轮状病毒感染全年均有发生,每年11月至次年2月是高发季节。女性的阳性率(10.10%)总体高于男性的阳性率(8.80%);1~3岁年龄组的阳性率(14.74%)最高,65岁及以上年龄组的阳性率(6.51%)最低;儿童的阳性率(12.27%)高于成人(8.83%)。结论轮状病毒在全年各月份均可检出,以冬季为流行高峰;1~3岁年龄组是高发人群。应加强对轮状病毒的监测,结合轮状病毒流行特征制定科学的预防策略。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control. Methods A systematic sampling method was used to investigate and sample the first diarrhoea cases in 15 diarrhoea surveillance sites in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2012 -2017, and stool specimens for rotavirus detection and analysis were carried out. Results In this study, 11 836 stool specimens were detected, and 1145 positive rotavirus samples were detected, with a positive rate of 9. 67%. Continuous monitoring from 2012 to 2017 showed that the positive rate of rotavirus showed a fluctuating trend, and the difference was statistically significant（x2 = 450. 63, P 〈 0. 001 ） , with the highest positive rate in 2017（23.29% ）. Rotavirus infection in Pudong New Area occurl＇ed throughout the year, and from November to February next year was a high season. The positive rate of female （ 10. 10% ） was higher than that of male （ 8.80% ）. The positive rate （ 14. 74% ） of the 1 -3 year old age group was the highest, and the positive rate （6. 51% ） of the 65 years old and above age group was the lowest. The positive rate of children （ 12. 27% ） was higher than that of adults （8.83%）. Conclusion Rotavirus could be detected in every month of the year, with the peak in winter. The 1 -3 year old age group was the high incidence group. The surveillance of rotavirus should be strengthened and a scientific prevention strategy combined with the epidemic characteristics of rotavirus should be established as well.