重庆市65岁以上老年人流感疫苗知晓率及其影响因素

Investigation of the influenza vaccine awareness rate and its influence factors among elderly residents over 65 years in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市老年人对流感疫苗的认知和知晓率的影响因素,为以疫苗接种为主的综合防控措施在全市推广和应用提供科学依据。方法通过分层随机抽样的方法,选取年龄≥65岁重庆市户籍老年人,采用自制的问卷进行面对面的问卷调查,率的比较采用卡方检验,疫苗知晓率影响因素分析采用Logistic回归分析进行鉴别。结果共有1 804名调查对象完成问卷调查,45.62%的老年人表示听说过流感疫苗。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,职业(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73-0.93)、文化程度(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.45-1.93)、人均月收入(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.08-1.43)、是否主动锻炼(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.03-1.64)是老年人流感疫苗知晓率的独立影响因素。结论当地老年人流感疫苗知晓率较低,应加强免疫规划知识健康教育宣传工作,引导老年人主动接种流感疫苗。

Objective To investigate the influenza vaccine awareness rate and its influence factors among elderly residents over 65 years in Chongqing, in order to provide the basis for the new vaccine-based prevention strategy. Methods Chongqing household registration aged above 65 years old were sampled by stratified random sampling. The resident sampled was interviewed with the self- designed questionnaire by face-to-face. The comparison of rates was examined by chi-square test, and the independent factors of vaccine awareness rate were determined by logistic regression. Results A total of 1 804 residents were interviewed. 45.62% of the elderly have been heard of the influenza vaccine. The independent factor of influenza vaccine awareness rate was occupation （ OR = 0. 82, 95 % CI：O. 73 - 0. 93 ）, education level（ OR = 1.67, 95 % CI： 1.45 - 1.93 ）, monthly income （ OR = 1.24, 95 % CI： 1.08 - 1.43 ） and whether active exercise （ OR = 1.30, 95% CI： 1.03 - 1.64 ）. Conclusions The influenza vaccine awareness rates for local elderly people are low. Extensive and targeted health education should be actively earried out to strengthen the knowledge of health education about immune programming, and guide the elderly to actively accept influenza vaccine.