盆腔器官脱垂患者生活质量的影响因素研究现况

Current Status of Influencing Factors on Quality of Life in Patients with Pelvic Organs Prolapse

盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是指由于盆底支持结构薄弱或损伤导致的子宫及其相邻的尿道、膀胱和直肠位置的下移,从而产生一系列如尿失禁、排尿困难、性生活障碍等症状。POP为中老年女性多发的一类良性疾病,其发病率高、治疗费用高昂、社会经济及医疗负担沉重,严重影响着女性患者的生活质量。随着近年来妇科泌尿学的发展及盆底重建外科学等取得的显著成果,POP的发病机制、诊断、治疗及疾病相关危险因素等方面的研究已经取得重大突破。目前,对POP生活质量的研究大多为经盆底外科手术或盆底物理治疗等干预后的评估性分析,尚缺乏较深入的研究。相关研究表明,POP症状的严重程度、外科手术史、盆底康复治疗、肥胖、是否合并其他类型盆底疾病及心理障碍可能为影响POP患者生活质量的重要因素。综述POP患者生活质量的影响因素,以期为相关临床干预措施的制定提供理论基础。

Pelvic organ prolapse（POP） refers to the downward movement of the uterus and its adjacent urinary tract,bladder, and rectum due to weakness or damage to the pelvic floor support structure. This has led to a series of symptoms such as urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating, and sexual problems. POP is a type of benign disease that occurs frequently among middle-aged and older women. Its high incidence, high treatment costs, and heavy socio-economic, and medical burdens seriously affect the quality of life of female patients. With the remarkable achievements in the development of gynecologic urology and pelvic floor reconstruction surgery in recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the study of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and disease-related risk factors of POP. At present, the research on POP quality of life is mostly assessed by pelvic floor surgery or pelvic floor physiotherapy, and there is still a lack of in-depth research. Related studies have shown that the severity of POP symptoms, surgical history, pelvic floor rehabilitation, obesity, and whether other types of pelvic floor diseases and mental disorders are combined may be important factors affecting the quality of life of POP patients. This article reviews the influencing factors of quality of life in patients with pelvic organ prolapse in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of relevant clinical interventions.