当代越南民事判决执行制度评析

Analysis on the Implementation System of Civil Sentence in Contemporary Vietnam

越南曾经属于中国的版图,从秦朝到唐朝均在中国的统治之下,越南史书将这一时期称为＂北属时期＂,其法律文化和法律制度不可避免地受到中国的巨大影响。殖民地时期,法国殖民者对其进行了近百年的殖民统治,使其从法律文化到制度均走向西化。1945年,在胡志明的领导下,越南民主共和国建立,越南的法制又走向了全面向苏联看齐的道路。以上三个重要的历史经历决定了当代越南法制的基本模式,也决定了当代越南民事审判体制包括民事判决执行的模式,它们之间是源与流的关系。当代越南的民事判决执行立法起步较晚,直到1989年8月31日,越南才有了民事判决执行的第一部立法《民事判决执行法令》,之后在1993年、2004年又先后颁布过2部《民事判决执行法令》,民事判决执行制度逐步完善。2008年11月28日,越南颁布了当代第一部《民事判决执行法》A,该法施行至今,并在2014年11月25日进行了重要修改。本文将对当代越南的民事判决执行法令制度进行简要梳理并重点对其现行《民事判决执行法》的内容进行分析、概述。

Vietnam once belonged to the reign of China from Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, and in Vietnamese history books this period is called ＂the period of belonging to the North＂, therefore its legal system and culture was inevitably greatly influenced by China. During the colonial period, French colonists dominated Vietnam colonially for almost 100 years, which resulted in the westernization of legal culture and system in Vietnam. In 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was founded under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. From then on, the legal system in Vietnam began to follow the former Soviet model completely. Those three important parts of history played a defining role in the basic model of the legal system in contemporary Vietnam, as well as the model of civil judgement system including the implementation of civil sentence in contemporary Vietnam. Between the contemporary model and the historic model there is a source-and-development relationship. Legislation in the implementation of civil sentence in contemporary Vietnam started in a late time, and till 31/08/1991 there came the fist legislation on implementation of civil sentence, which is Implementation of Civil Sentence Decree, after that in 1993, 2004 other two Implementation of Civil Sentence Decree were issued and the implementation system of civil sentence was being improved gradually. On Nov. 28, 2008, Vietnam issued its first contemporary Implementation of Civil Sentence Law, and this law has been implemented till now and received important modifications on Nov. 25, 2014. This paper will briefly review and present the legal implementation system of civil sentence in contemporary Vietnam and focus on the analysis and summarization of the content in Implementation of Civil Sentence Law.