从变从义:儒家文化关键词的意义建构方式

Toward Righteousness Based Creative Interpretation:Constructing Meaning of Some Keywords in Confucian Culture

＂从变从义＂语出董仲舒,作为儒家文化关键词的意义建构方式,＂义＂有着丰富而复杂的流变历程。从字源上看,甲骨文、篆文楷书理路虽各有所指,但将＂义＂训为＂宜＂也符合事物发展演变的一般规律。＂义＂在儒、道、墨、法诸家中虽曾呈现＂是其义,而非人之义＂的百家争鸣状态,却仍然遵循着＂义者,宜也＂的内在逻辑。董仲舒踵武前贤,合＂我＂与＂宜＂为＂义＂,并与其＂一以奉天＂相权衡,奠定了两千多年来《诗》无达诂、《易》无达占、《春秋》无达辞等儒家文化得以不断推演的理论根基。

＂Toward righteousness based creative interpretation＂was said by Dong Zhongshu.As the way of constructing meaning of some keywords in Confucian culture,＂Righteousness＂has a profound and complicated changing process.From the perspective of etymology,although oracle bone inscriptions,seal character and regular script have different definitions,it is reasonable to change＂Yi＂（义） or＂Righteousness＂into＂Yi＂（宜） or＂fitting＂.Although each school of Confucianism,Taoism,Mohism and Legalism would advocate its own interpretation of＂Yi＂or Righteousness and criticized other schools on their attempts,all of them followed the same logic of thinking that＂Yi＂（义） is about＂Yi＂（宜） or＂fitting＂.Dong Zhongshu,on the basis of the views of the predecessors,combined＂I＂with＂fitting＂to be＂Righteousness＂,and compared it with＂united under Heaven＂,which laid the foundation for the development ofConfucian culture represented by the idea that＂No interpretation would exhaust the essence of great canons such as the Book of Songs,the Book of Changes,and the Spring and Autumn＂over the past two thousand years.