儿童期心理虐待、自尊状态对烟台市某医学院学生攻击行为的影响

Influence of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Self-Esteem on Aggressive Behavior of Students in a Medical College in Yantai City

目的:了解医学生攻击行为现状、自尊水平及儿童期心理虐待情况,探讨后两者对前者的影响,为减少医学生攻击行为提供科学依据。方法:采用儿童期心理虐待与忽视量表、Buss&Perry攻击性问卷修订版和自尊量表对395名医学生进行问卷调查。结果:低攻击组104人(26.33%),中攻击组274人(69.37%),高攻击组17人(4.30%);儿童期心理虐待阳性率为33.16%;76.71%的医学生处于高自尊水平;不同性别医学生在身体和言语攻击、自尊及除教育忽视外的儿童期心理虐待各得分上均有显著差异(均P<0.01),不同年级医学生除身体攻击外的攻击、自尊得分均有显著差异(均P<0.05);医学生自尊与儿童期心理虐待、攻击各得分间均呈显著负相关,后两者间为显著正相关(均P<0.01);恐吓、干涉、情感忽视显著正向影响攻击行为,自尊负向影响攻击行为,总R2为37%。结论:医学生普遍存在攻击行为,自尊水平总体较高,儿童期普遍经受来自抚养者的心理虐待,且忽视经历较心理虐待经历更多;儿童期心理虐待经历、低自尊均会使其更易表现出攻击行为。建议从个人、家庭、学校、社会多方面共同努力减少医学生攻击行为。

Objective： To understand the current situation of medical students＇ aggressive behavior and self-esteem and childhood psychological maltreatment,and to explore the influence of the latter two on the former. Methods： A total of 395 medical students from a medical school in Yantai City were surveyed using the CPSS,AQ-CV and SES questionnaires. Results： The low attack group has 104 peoples（26.33%）. The middle attack group has 274 peoples（69.37%）. The high attack group has 17 peoples（4.30%）. The positive rate of psychological abuse and neglect in children was 33.16%. 76.71% of medical students are in high self-esteem. There were conspicuous differences in scores of physical and verbal aggression,childhood psychological maltreatment except for educational neglect,and self-esteem of medical students（P〈0.01）,scores of attack and self-esteem in different grades of medical students except physical aggression（P〈0.05）. Self-esteem score have a pronounced negative correlation respectively with the scores of psychological maltreatment in childhood and the scores of attacks,both of which were an explicit positive correlation（P〈0.01）. Intimidation,intervention, emotional neglect could explain saliently and positively the aggressive behaviors of medical students. Self-esteem could explain remarkable and negatively the medical student attacks behavior,and the explain rate is 37%. Conclusion： Aggression is prevalent and self-esteem is generally high; psychological maltreatment from caregivers is common in their childhood,and neglect experience is more than psychological abuse experience in psychological maltreatment; childhood psychological abuse experience,lower self-esteem will make medical students more likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior. Advice from individuals,families,schools,social efforts to reduce the attack behavior of medical students.