两个葡萄杂交后代群体的白腐病抗性鉴定及遗传分析

White Rot Resistance Identification and Genetic Analysis for Two Offspring of Grapevine

白腐病是严重危害葡萄生产的主要真菌病害之一,研究其抗性遗传机制对培育抗病葡萄品种具有重要的意义。采用室内离体叶片接种法,以欧亚种红地球与山葡萄双优杂交组合产生的149株后代群体和欧亚种霞多丽与山欧杂种北冰红杂交组合产生的130株后代群体为试验材料,进行白腐病抗性鉴定及遗传分析。结果表明:在红地球与双优的杂交后代群体中,母本红地球的病情指数为50.79%,父本双优的病情指数为33.33%,后代群体中有53株比红地球病情指数大,有45株比父本双优病情指数小;在霞多丽与北冰红的杂交后代群体中,母本霞多丽的病情指数为51.85%,父本北冰红的病情指数为27.78%,后代群体中有76株比霞多丽病情指数大,有14株比北冰红病情指数小。2个试验群体的病情指数分布范围较广,变异系数分别为53.14%和35.36%。红地球与双优杂交群体超低亲率高达31.03%,子代病情指数平均值低于亲中值,说明欧亚种与山葡萄远缘杂交组合中可能存在一定的杂种优势。霞多丽与北冰红群体超低亲率为11.67%,杂交后代群体抗性呈连续性正态分布,具有典型的数量性状遗传特征,研究结果为今后深入开展葡萄抗白腐病分子遗传机制研究奠定基础。在2个杂交后代群体中都分离出一定比例的高抗白腐病单株,为开展白腐病抗性葡萄新品种选育提供了材料。

White rot is one of the major fungal diseases that seriously affect grape production. Research on its genetic mechanism of resistance possess significant importance for disease-resistant grape cultivar breeding.In this study, the in vitro leaf inoculation method was used for white rot infection. The 149 and 130 offspring strainswere used as experimental materials for white rot disease resistance identification and genetic analysis came from the cross of Red Globe（Vitisvinifera L.） ×Shuangyou（Vitisamurensis Rupr.） and Chardonnay（Vitisvinifera L.）×Beibinghong（Vitisvinifera×Vitisamurensis） respectively. The results showed thatdisease indices of Red Globeand Shuangyou were 50.79% and 33.33%. The disease indices of 53 offspring were higher than those of Red Globe and the disease indices of 45 offspring were lower than those of Shuangyou. For the offspring of Chardonnay and Beibinghong, the disease index of female parent Chardonnay was 51.85%, male parent Beibinghong was 27.78%, disease index of 76 offspring were higher than Chardonnay and 14 offspring were lower than Beibinghong. The disease indices of the two experimental groups were widely distributed, the coefficients of variation were 53.14% and 35.36% respectively. The rate of offspring which lower than low parent came from the cross of Chardonnay and Beibinghong was 31.03% and the offspring average value of disease index was lower than mid-parent value, indicating that heterosis existed in the distant hybridization of Vitisvinifera and Vitisamurensis. The rate of offspring which lower than low parent came from the cross of Chardonnay and Beibinghong was 11.67%, continuous normal distribution among the offspring indicated a typical quantitative trait of white rot resistance. The results provided a foundation for the research on the molecular genetic mechanism of grape white rot resistance.A certain proportion of grape offspring with high resistance to white rot were isolated from the two hybrid population and provided some new grape individual strains for the white rot resistant breeding.