过敏性鼻炎的中医证候和方药规律分析

TCM Syndrome and Prescription Distribution of Anaphylactic Rhinitis

目的：探讨过敏性鼻炎的中医证候和方药规律.方法：检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）以及万方数据收录的中医诊治过敏性鼻炎的临床病例和个人经验类文献,规范纳入文献中的证型及所用方剂和药物,并对其进行频数和聚类分析.结果：共纳入文献101篇,涉及过敏性鼻炎中医证型28种,其中肺虚寒证、肺气虚证、肾阳虚证、外感风寒证为主要证型;涉及寒邪、气虚、风邪、阳虚、热邪、湿邪、痰饮、阴虚、气滞、血热10个病机要素和肺、脾、肾、肝、心5个脏腑病位.共得方剂166首,其中成方89首,以补益剂、解表剂为主.共涉及中药169味18大类,以解表药、补虚药、清热药、收涩药为主.使用频次较高的43味中药可分为5个聚类方,分别适用于治疗肺虚寒、肺脾气虚、肾阳虚、肺热证和肺气虚证型的过敏性鼻炎.结论：中医对过敏性鼻炎的证候要素、辨证分型、遣方用药的规律分析可为该病的临床诊断和治疗提供有用的参考.

Objective： To study the TCM syndrome and prescription distribution of anaphylactic rhinitis. Methods： The literature on clinical research and personal experience for treating anaphylactic rhinitis with traditional Chinese medicine and the integrative medicine which were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and in Wan Fang Data. The frequency analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to analyze the syndrome, prescriptions and Chinese medicine. Results： Totally 101 articles were included. There were 28 syndromes of anaphylactic rhinitis in which common were lung deficiency cold syndrome, insufficiency of lung-qi, insufficiency of kidney-yang, exogenous wind and cold syndrome. 10 pathogenesis factors such as cold-evil, qi deficiency, wind-evil, yang deficiency, toxic heat, damp obstruction, coagulation of phlegm, yin deficiency, qi stagnation, blood heat, and 5 organ location were lung , spleen , kidney, liver and heart. There were 166 prescriptions in which 89 were formulated prescriptions for supplementing medicinal and diaphoretic recipes. There were 169 medicines which could be classified into 18 categories in which common were exterior-evil relieving medicine, supplementing medicinal, heat-clearing medicine and astringent medicine. 5 clustering formulae were achieved by using hierarchical cluster analysis methods to 53 frequently counted Chinese medicines, which were applied the following types：lung deficiency cold, qi deficiency of lung and spleen, insufficiency of kidney-yang and insufficiency of lung-qi. Conclusion： Research on analyzing TCM syndromes and pathogenesis factors, syndrome differentiation and distribution, prescription composition and Chinese medicine application of macular degeneration can provide useful reference for the clinical diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment and study of this disease.