重庆烟区土壤养分丰缺状况研究

Study on Abundance and Deficiency Status of Soil Nutrients in Tobacco-planting Regions of Chongqing

为探明重庆主要烟区土壤的肥力状况,为土壤改良和科学施肥提供理论依据,对12个区(县)烟田土壤的pH值及有机质、总氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等含量进行了测定。结果表明:研究区有41.0%的土壤为酸性或极酸性,pH值适宜的土壤仅占全市烟区土壤的38.8%。有机质和总氮含量适宜的土壤分别占51.6%和74.3%。碱解氮和速效钾含量偏高,涪陵、南川、石柱、黔江、酉阳和彭水县烟田碱解氮含量大于100 mg/kg均在90%以上;速效钾含量高于220mg/kg的烟田土壤占67.0%。速效磷含量适中,全市有52.8%的烟田适宜种植烤烟。因此,在烟叶生产过程中要继续加强土壤改良,严格控制氮肥用量,改善磷钾肥施用方式,以提升烟叶的产量和品质。

In order to ascertain the soil fertility status in main tobacco-planting regions of Chongqing,and to provide theoretical basis for soil improvement and scientific fertilization,the author investigated the pH-value and the contents of organic matter（ OM）,total nitrogen（ TN）,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（ AN）,available phosphorus（ AP） and available potassium（ AK） in tobacco field soils of 12 districts（ counties） in Chongqing. The results showed that 41.0% of soils in the studied area were of acidity or extreme acidity,and the soils with suitable pH-value accounted for only 38.8% of all soils in this city. The soils with appropriate OM and TN content accounted for 51.6% and 74.3% of all soils,respectively. The contents of AN and AK in soils were relatively high,the proportions of tobacco field soils containing over 100 mg/kg AN in Fuling,Nanchuan,Shizhu,Qianjiang,Youyang and Pengshui county were all more than 90%; the tobacco field soils containing over 220 mg/kg AK accounted for67.0%. The soil AP content was moderate,and 52. 8% of tobacco field soils in Chongqing city were suitable for the planting of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore,in order to improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Chongqing,we shall further strengthen the soil improvement,strictly control the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer,and improve the use methods of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.