女子学园与美国中产阶级女性的公共参与(1800-1860)

Female Academies and the Public Participation of American Middle-class Women(1800—1860)

19世纪上半叶,伴随着工业化和城市化的发展,美国的中产阶级逐渐形成自己的阶级和文化意识,最终登上历史舞台。中产阶级家庭对子女教育的重视以及家庭至上主义理念的盛行,使中产阶级女性成为内战前美国女子学园快速发展的最大受益者。女子学园不仅提高了中产阶级女性的文化和道德修养,还孕育了她们强烈的公共参与意识,为她们摆脱"两分领域观"的束缚、参与公共生活奠定了基础。

In the first half of the 19 th century, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the middle class in American society gradually formed its own class and cultural consciousness, and finally came to the stage of history. The prevalence of the Cult of Domesticity as well as the due attention of middle-class families to education made middle-class women the biggest beneficiary of the rapid development of female academies before the American civil war. The study experiences in female academies not only improved the culture and moral cultivation of middle-class women, but also aroused their awareness of public participation. They began to break away from the fetters of the Victorian gender ideology and took an active role in public affairs.