基因工程技术在甜瓜属作物分子育种中的应用与发展

Application and development of genetic engineering technology in molecular breeding of melon crops

黄瓜和甜瓜均属于葫芦科甜瓜属作物,作为重要的园艺作物在全世界广泛种植。我国黄瓜和甜瓜的种植面积与产量均居世界第一。不断培育优质高抗的新品种是促进产业持续发展的重要推动力,但常规育种存在转育效率低、育种周期长等问题。多年来瓜类育种家们一直致力于甜瓜属作物基因工程育种方法的探索和研究,随着黄瓜和甜瓜在基因组研究领域取得了重大突破,大量重要功能基因的发掘与克隆为基因工程育种带来了机遇,也促使甜瓜属作物基因工程技术研究进入了快速发展的阶段。就基因工程技术在甜瓜属作物分子遗传育种研究中的应用和发展现状、存在问题以及未来发展趋势等进行了探讨。

Cucumber and melon, which belong to the Cucumis family, are widely cultivated in the world as important horticultural crops. The planting areas and yields of cucumber and melon in China are the highest in the world. Continuous cultivation of new varieties with high quality and high resistance is an important impetus to promote the sustainable development of the agriculture. However, conventional breeding has many problems such as low efficiency transformation and long breeding cycle. For many years, breeders have been devoting themselves to the exploration and research on the genetic engineering breeding methods of Cucumis. Since major breakthroughs have been made in genomics research of cucumbers and melons, a large number of important functional genes have been discovered and cloned, which brings opportunities for genetic engineering breeding and prompts the development of research on the transgenic technology of Cucumis. This paper aims at exploring the application, development status, existing problems and future trends of transgenic technology in molecular genetics and breeding of Cucumis.