住院病人跌倒后造成损伤的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of injury caused by tumble in inpatients

目的 探讨住院患者发生跌倒后造成损伤的危险因素.方法 采用回顾性调查研究,回顾广州市某三甲医院护理不良事件上报系统119例跌倒患者资料,根据跌倒损伤程度将患者分为无损伤、轻度、中度损伤组及重度以上损伤共四组,分析患者发生跌倒后造成损伤的危险因素.结果 119例患者跌倒后无损伤46例（38.7％）、轻度损伤39例（32.8％）、中度损伤22例（18.5％）、重度及以上损伤12例（10.0％）.单因素分析显示,内科较急危重症部门、外科更严重;床边跌倒较卫生间跌倒更严重;有视力障碍的患者跌倒后受伤情况更严重,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.多因素Logistic回归结果显示,内科、床边及听触觉功能减退的患者跌倒后损伤程度更严重.结论 住院患者跌倒后所致损伤的严重程度受不同因素影响,应高度重视高危科室、高危跌倒地点、有听触觉功能减退住院患者的防跌倒干预措施及安全宣教,降低跌倒后损伤的严重程度.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of injury caused by tumble in inpatients.Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on the data of 119 inpatients with tumble in the Nursing Adverse Event Report System of a hospital of Guangzhou.Patients were divided into no injury group,mild injury group,moderate injury group,and severe injury group according to the degree of injury caused by tumble,then analyzed the risk factors of injury.Results In 119 cases,46 cases （38.7%） had no injury,39 cases （32.8%） had mild injury,22 cases （18.5%） had moderate injury,12 cases （10.0%） had severe injury.The single factor analysis showed that the different departments and locations were different from the degree of injury of inpatients.The department of internal medicine was more serious than emergency department and surgical department.Compared to the bed,those who fell in the toilet were more injured,and those with impaired vision and impaired hearing loss were more injured （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Severity of injury caused by different factors,we should strengthen the safety education and fall prevention intervention in high risk department,high risk fall location,and inpatients with hearing loss to reduce the severity of fall injury.