甲状腺侧叶切除术后预防并发症的护理体会

Nursing experience in prevention of complications after lateral thyroidectomy

目的探讨甲状腺侧叶切除术后预防并发症的护理方法及护理体会。方法选取本院2015年2月至2017年2月168例行甲状腺侧叶切除术的孤立性甲状腺结节患者随机分为观察组与对照组，各84例。观察组术后应用针对于患者声嘶及吞咽困难，切口感染、甲状旁腺损伤、呼吸困难、电解质紊乱的预防及护理模式；对照组术后采取一般护理模式，两组患者术后一般情况、并发症发生情况及患者满意度评分比较。结果观察组住院费用、住院天数（4248．45±234．32）元、（6．32±1．38）d，均明显短于对照组（4685．06±594．12）元、（7．96±2．57）d，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；观察组术后呼吸困难3例、颈前肌肉出血2例，声音嘶哑4例、手足麻木l例、电解质紊乱2例，均明显少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；同时观察组患者护理水平评分、护理态度评分、患者满意度均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论甲状腺侧叶切除术治疗孤立性甲状腺结节术后应用并发症护理方法后，能够促进创口愈合，阻止并发症的发生与发展，显著缩短住院时间，减少住院费用，提高患者满意度，值得临床推广。

Objective To investigate the nursing experience in prevention of complications after lateral thyroidectomy. Methods 168 patients with solitary thyroid nodules undergoing lat-eral thyroidectomy in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 were randomly divided into observation group （n = 84） and control group （n = 84）. The observation group was given nurs-ing methods on the prevention of complications （such as hoarseness and dysphagia, incisional infection, parathyroid injury, dyspnea, electrolyte imbalance）, and the control group was given routine nursing care. Compared the postoperative general condition, complications, and patient satisfaction score of the two groups. Results The hospitalization cost and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group [（4 248.45±234.32） Yuan vs.（4 685.06±594.12） Yuan, （6.321.38）d vs.（7.96±2.57）d] （P〈0.05）. There were 3 cases of postoperative dyspnea, 2 cases of anterior cervical muscle hemorrhage, 4 cases of hoarseness, 1 case of numbness of hands and feet, 2 cases of electrolyte imbalance in the observation group, which were significantly less than those in the control group （P〈0.05）. The nursing level score, nurshlg attitude score, patient satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The application of nursing methods on the prevention of complications for patients with solitary thyroid nodules undergoing lateral t-yroidectomy, can promote wound healing, prevent the occurrence and development of complications, significantly reduce hospitalization time and the hospitalization cost, improve patient satisfaction, worthy of clinical promotion.