防护服活动性及其对职业骨肌损伤影响的研究进展

Research progress on protective clothing mobility and its impact on musculoskeletal injury

极端环境下穿着的防护服在保护作业人员免受环境因素的威胁时,也对着装人体的活动性造成了负面影响,如肢体活动范围下降、任务完成时间增加、步态失衡等。为此,文章回顾了国内外有关防护服活动性测评研究的发展历程,从运动学活动表象和动力学活动机制两个层面探讨了防护服活动性的测评方法、适用范围和研究不足。最后,总结了着装人体活动能力与职业骨骼肌肉损伤风险之间的关系,包括损伤危险因素、表征指标及评估方法。未来,利用三维人体扫描技术从服装-人体姿态空间关系的角度,实现快速便捷的活动性测评;利用计算机建模仿真技术构建着装人体骨肌模型并获取动力学参数,实现全面活动性测评和骨肌损伤风险评估将成为新的发展方向。

Protective clothing in extreme environments protects wearers from the threat of ambient factors,but also negatively affects the mobility of the wearers,such as decrease in the range of motion,increase of task completion time,and gait unbalance. Therefore,by reviewing the research progress of the protective clothing mobility at home and abroad,the method of mobility test,scope of application and research deficiency are discussed from motion representation of kinematics and motion mechanism of dynamics. At last,the relationship between the human mobility and the occupational musculoskeletal injury was summarized,including risk factors,characterization indexes and assessment methods. It will become a new development direction to evaluate the protective clothing mobility from clothing-body posture space relation by using 3 D human body scanning technology,to acquire kinetics parameters and to evaluate musculoskeletal injury by computer modeling simulation technology.