基于Landsat TM卫星数据的广州城市热岛效应特征研究

Research on Urban Heat Island effect of Guangzhou Based on Landsat TM Data

为了揭示广州城市热岛特征,本文选择1994-2009年共4个时相的Landsat 5TM卫星数据为数据源,利用ENVI和ARCGIS软件进行处理,对广州市城市热岛效应进行模拟。在此基础上,统计广州城市地表温度、热岛强度的空间分布和年际变化情况,分析广州城市热岛与行政区域、土地利用类型等因素的相互关系,探讨城市热岛的整体演变趋势。结果表明:从行政区域看,城市热岛主要分布在老城区和其他城市的中心地带;从土地利用类型看,城市热岛主要分布在建设用地区域;从变化趋势看,热岛由老城区、行政核心区向郊区、行政核心区周边扩展的趋势明显。因此,在城市热岛的防治上,一方面要在城市规划和改造方面增加城市绿地和水域的面积,减轻城市热岛聚集效应,另一方面在加大产业转移和升级改造的力度,降低中心城区的工商业密度和人口密度,减少人为热源的产生。

In order to reveal the urban heat island feature of Guangzhou, this paper chose Landsat TM data from 1994 to 2009 as the data source, and processed simulated urban heat island effect using ENVI and ARCGIS software. On this basis, the spatial distribution and interannual variation of the urban land surface temperature and heat island intensity in Guangzhou were statistically analyzed. The relationship between the urban heat island in Guangzhou and land use types is analyzed, and the overall evolution trend of the urban heat island was discussed. The results showed that from the administrative region, city heat island is mainly distributed in the center of the old city and other cities. From the land use types, city heat island was mainly distributed in the areas of construction. The heat island areas were trending from old center region and the core region to the suburbs and the surrounding administrative core region. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of city heat island on the one hand it needs to increase the city green land and water area in city planning and rebuilding, reduce heat island city agglomeration effect, on the other hand, increasing the industrial transfer and upgrading efforts to reduce industrial and commercial center of the city and the density of population density, is helpful to reduce anthropogenic heat.