黄缘闭壳龟和黄喉拟水龟形态性状差异的比较

Morphological Discrimination between Chinese Box Turtle and Yellow Pond Turtle

测量了安徽黄缘闭壳龟、台湾黄缘闭壳龟和黄喉拟水龟3种观赏稚龟的背甲长、背甲宽、腹甲长、腹甲宽、甲桥长、喉盾宽、肱盾宽、胸盾宽、股盾宽、肛盾宽、喉盾缝长、肱盾缝长、胸盾缝长、腹盾缝长、股盾缝长和肛盾缝长等形态性状,利用SPSS 16.0软件统计分析了所测数据,根据统计分析结果对3种观赏稚龟进行了聚类分析和判别分析。结果显示:(1)黄喉拟水龟稚龟腹甲除喉盾外每一块盾片内侧有黑斑,喉盾缝长与肱盾缝长相近,股盾缝长大于肛盾缝长;而安徽黄缘闭壳龟和台湾黄缘闭壳龟稚龟腹甲各盾片基本全覆盖黑斑,喉盾缝长大于肱盾缝长,股盾缝长小于肛盾缝长。与台湾黄缘闭壳龟相比,安徽黄缘闭壳龟的头部脸颊两侧和颈部更红,头部两侧黄带更艳,缘盾内侧及甲桥呈褐黄色甚至红色。(2)聚类分析结果显示,安徽黄缘闭壳龟和台湾黄缘闭壳龟先聚为一组,然后再与黄喉拟水龟聚为一组。(3)3种稚龟的判别公式为,安徽黄缘闭壳龟=2884 x_3-1149 x_4-928 x_5-1194 x_6-702 x_(10)-954 x_(11)-1780 x_(12)-555 x_(13)-724 x_(14)+341 x_(15)-2459,台湾黄缘闭壳龟=2735 x_3-1016 x_4-798 x_5-986 x_6-775 x_(10)-926 x_(11)-1991 x_(12)-447 x_(13)-731 x_(14)+345 x_(15)-2396,黄喉拟水龟=3085 x_3-925 x_4-745 x_5-1511 x_6-686 x_(10)-849 x_(11)-1722 x_(12)-610 x_(13)-625 x_(14)+206 x_(15)-2169。研究结果表明,聚类分析结果和判别分析结果相同,且与现有种属划分结果一致;腹面的腹甲宽/背甲长(x_3)、甲桥长/背甲长(x_4)、肱盾宽/背甲长(x_6)、肱盾缝长/背甲长(x_(11))、胸盾缝长/背甲长(x_(12))等参数可作为鉴别上述3种观赏稚龟的主要客观依据。

In this paper,the morphometry was measured in 97 individuals of ornamental juvenile turtles including 33 individuals of Chinese box turtle Cuora flavomarginata sinensis（CFS）in Anhui,31 individuals of Chinese box turtle of C.flavomarginata flavomarginata（CFF）in Taiwan,and 33 individuals of Asian yellow pond turtle Mauremys mutica（MM）,including carapace length,carapace width,plastron length,plastron width,carapace bridge length,phyaryngeal shield width,humeral shield width,thoracic shield width,femoral shield width,rectal shield width,phyaryngeal shield seam length,humeral shield seam length,thoracic shield seam length,abdominal shield seam length,femoral shield seam length,and rectal shield seam length,and were analyzed by cluster analysis and by SPSS 16.0.It was found that there was a dark spot inside of plastron scutellum in addition to pharyngeal shield,and that femoral shield seam length was longer than the rectal shield seam length in Asian yellow pond turtle.In Chinese box turtles in Anhui and Chinese box turtles in Taiwan,however,the plastron scutellum shield full coverage of dark spots,and pharyngeal shield width were longer than the humeral shield width,and femoral shield seam length was less than the rectal shield seam length.Compared with Chinese box turtle in Taiwan,head cheek on both sides and neck of Chinese box turtles in Anhui were red in color,the yellow belt on both sides of head was more brilliant,and the margin shield and a bridge were brown or even tended to red.Cluster analysis showed that Chinese box turtle in Anhui was in the same subgroup with Chinese box turtle in Taiwan,and then clustered together with Asian yellow pond turtle.The discrimination formula in the three ornamental turtles was expressed as：CFS =2884 x_3-1149 x_4-928 x_5-1194 x_6-702 x_（10）-954 x_（11）-1780 x_（12）-555 x_（13）-724 x_（14）＋341 x_（15）-2459;CFF=2735 x_3-1016 x_4-798 x_5-986 x_6-775 x_（10）-926 x_（11）-1991 x_（12）-447 x_（13）-731 x_（14）＋345 x_（15）-2396;MM=3085 x_3-925 x_4-745 x_5-1511 x_6-686 x_（10）-849 x_（11）-1722 x_（12）-610 x_（13）-625 x_（14） ＋206 x_（15）-2169,where x_3=plastron width/carapace length,x_4=carapace bridge length/carapace length,x_5=pharyngeal shield width/carapace length,x_6=humeral shield width/carapace length,x_（10）=pharyngeal shield seam length/carapace length,x_（11）=humeral shield seam length/carapace length,x_（12）=thoracic shield seam length/carapace length,x_（13）=abdominal shield seam length/carapace length,x_（14）=femoral shield seam length/carapace length,and x15=rectal shield seam length/carapace length.The parameters including x_3,x_4,x_6,x_（11）,and x_（12） were shown to be the simple and easy identification method for the amateur ornamental turtles.