《资本论》中“资本”概念的演进及其启示——兼论社会主义初级阶段政治经济学的核心概念

The Conceptual Evolution of “Capital” in Capital and Its Inspirations: Also on the Core Concepts of Political Economy in the Primary Stage of Socialism

资本是《资本论》的核心概念,反映了资本主义生产方式下起决定作用的生产关系。资本在《资本论》中适时登场,在叙述过程中不断分蘖,演化为一个由基本、主干和枝叶组成的复杂的资本概念体系。资本概念的演进随着《资本论》叙述进程展开,成双成对地出现,和剩余价值等概念的演进共生,且没有最终结束其演进行程。《资本论》中资本概念的演进对凝练社会主义初级阶段政治经济学的核心概念有重要的启迪意义。以中国特色社会主义市场经济的运动为样本,可以抽象出公有资本这一核心概念,并以此为基础建构起社会主义初级阶段政治经济学的概念体系,揭示社会主义初级阶段经济运动的规律。

The core concept in Capital is capital,which reflects the determinative relations of production in the capitalist mode of production. Capital timely appears in Capital,continuously differentiates in the narrative course,and evolves into a complex conceptual system composed of a root,a trunk,and branches and leaves. The concept of capital advances in the narrative process of Capital,appears in pairs,evolves in symbiosis with such concepts as the surplus value,and never ends its process of evolution. The conceptual evolution of capital in Capital has great enlightening significance for the extraction of the core concept for political economy in the primary stage of socialism. Taken the movements of socialist market economy in China for example,the core concept of public capital can be extracted as the constructive foundation for a conceptual system of political economy in the primary stage of socialism to reveal the laws of economic movements in the primary stage of socialism.