2J.K.Gilbert,C.J.Boulter,R.Elmer. Developing Models in Science Education:Positioning models in science education and in design and technology education[M].The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publisher,2000.3-17.
3A.Acher M,Arcà N Sanmarti. Modeling as a teaching learning process for understanding materials:A case study in primary education[J].SCIENCE EDUCATION,2007,(03):398-418.
4National Research Council. National science education standards[M].Washington:National Academy Press,1996.117.
5National research council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education:Practices,Crosscutting Concepts,and Core Ideas[M].Washington,D.C:National Academy Press,2012.56-57,50,49,58,34,105,174,94.
6Achieve. The Next Generation Science Standards-Appendix A[EB/OL].http://www.nextgenscience.org/sites/ngss/files/APPENDIX A-Conceptual Shifts in the Next Generation Science Standards.pdf,2013.
7Victorian Curriculum,Assessment Authority. Victorian Certificate of Education Study Design:Physics[M].East Melbourne:Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority,2008.47.
8Michigan State Board of Education. Michigan High school Science content standards and Expectations[M].2010.4.