杭州市二孩母亲幸福感及影响因素研究

Well-being of mothers with two children in Hangzhou and its influencing factors

目的了解杭州市二孩母亲幸福感及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层等比例抽样方法,于2017年7月在杭州市20个社区抽取500名二孩母亲为调查对象,应用Campbell幸福感指数量表进行问卷调查,采用AMOS 21.0软件构建结构方程模型分析二孩母亲幸福感的影响因素。结果实际调查405人。被调查二孩母亲幸福感指数平均得分为(11.49±2.22)分(满分14.70分),年龄和职业与幸福感指数得分存在统计学关联(均P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析结果显示,对二孩母亲幸福感的影响程度由高到低为物质条件、家庭状况、身心健康和社会状况,路径系数分别为0.34、0.23、0.13和0.02;对物质条件、家庭状况、身心健康和社会状况影响最大的因素分别为育儿负担、夫妻关系、心理压力和配套公共设施,因子载荷系数分别为0.67、0.77、0.61和0.80。结论杭州市二孩母亲幸福感处于较高水平,育儿负担等物质条件和夫妻关系等家庭状况是影响二孩母亲幸福感的重要因素。

Objective Investigate the well-being of mothers with two children in Hangzhou and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a basis for the implementation of the universal two-child policy. Methods In July 2017,using the method of multistage stratified and equal proportion sampling, we investigated the well-being of 500 mothers with two children in Hangzhou. We used the Campbell Index of Well-being to measure well-being,and used AMOS 21.0 software to build structural equation model to analyze its influencing factors. Results 405 effective questionnaires were recovered. The average score of the well-being index is（11.49 ＋ 2.22）（full score is 14.70）,and there is a statistical correlation between age and occupation and the score of happiness index（P0.05）. In the structural equation model,from high to low,the degree of factors＇ influence on the well-being of mothers with two children are material conditions,family status,physical and mental health and the social condition, whose path coefficient are 0.34, 0.23, 0.13 and 0.02, respectively. The most influential factors on material conditions, family status, physical and mental health and social status are childcare burden, marital relationship, mental pressure and supporting public facilities. The factor load coefficients are 0.67, 0.77, 0.61 and 0.80,respectively. Conclusion The well-being of mothers with two children in Hangzhou is at a high level, and the main influencing factors are material conditions such as childcare burden and family status such as marital relationship.