三种职业健康风险评估方法评估涂料生产企业有机溶剂风险的应用比较

Application research of three risk assessment methods to organic solvents in painting produced industry

采用定性评估法、综合指数法和国际采矿与金属委员会法(ICMM)矩阵法对涂料生产企业进行职业健康风险评估,探索其适用条件和适用范围。方法采用职业卫生学调查法调查4家涂料生产企业有机溶剂巡检岗位接触的有机溶剂种类、接触情况和职业病防护措施;采用检测检验法检测岗位8小时平均接触浓度(CTWA);采用定性评估法、综合指数法和ICMM矩阵法评估巡检工职业健康风险等级。采用比值法对评估结果进行转化,比较三种方法所得的评估结果。结果 4家涂料生产企业巡检岗位接触的有机溶剂有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异丙醇、正丁醇和丙酮。定性评估法中危害因素的危害等级为B^E级,接触等级为2~3级,风险等级为2~4级;综合指数法中危害等级为2~5级,接触等级为2~3级,风险等级为2~4级;ICMM矩阵法中健康后果描述为2~4级,暴露发生可能为高、中、低,风险等级为1~4级。定性评估法评估结果高于或等于综合指数法和ICMM矩阵法;CTWA高于职业接触限值(OELs)时,ICMM矩阵法评估结果高于或等于综合指数法;CTWA低于行动水平(1/2 OELs)时,ICMM矩阵法评估结果低于或等于综合指数法;高毒物在CTWA超过OELs时,低毒物在CTWA低于1/2OELs时,三种方法的评估结果一致。结论三种方法针对某一危害因素的职业健康风险评估结果不完全一致,接触浓度超标时选用ICMM矩阵法和定性评估法更保守,接触浓度低于1/2 OELs时选用综合指数法和定性评估法更保守。

Objective To explore the applicable conditions and applicability of qualitative risk assessment,synthesis index method and International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM）matrix method by application of painting produced enterprises.Methods Occupational Hygiene Investigation Method was used to investigate the exposure of organic solvent types,contact conditions and occupational disease prevention measures for the inspection positions of 4 painting produced enterprises;Detected 8-hour average contact concentration of post used inspection test method;assessed the occupational heath risk level of inspection worker used qualitative risk assessment, synthesis index method and ICMM matrix method. Compared the assessment results after converted by ratio method. Results The organic solvents contacted by inspection positions of 4 paint manufacturing enterprises are benzene,toluene,xylene,styrene,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate,toluene diisocyanate（TDI）,methyl methacrylate,isopropyl alcohol, Butanol and acetone. The risk classifications of hazard factors in the qualitative risk assessment method are B-E grade,the exposure classifications are 2-3 grade,the risk grade assessment results are 2-4 grade;The risk classifications of synthesis index method are 2-5 grade, the exposure classifications are 2-3 grade, risk grade assessment results are 2-4 grade;the health consequences of the ICMM matrix method described as 2-4 grade,the exposure possibility may be high, medium and low, and the risk assessment results are 1-4 grade. The risk level of qualitative risk assessment method is higher than or equal to the synthesis index method and ICMM matrix method. When the on-site detection concentration is higher than the occupational exposure limit（OELs）,the ICMM matrix method result is higher than or equal to the synthesis index method,lower than or equal to the synthesis index method results if the on-site detection concentration is lower than action level（1/2 OELs）. The assessment results of three methods are consistent when high toxic substances with the on-site detection concentration exceeds the OELs and low toxic substances with the on-site detection concentration is lower than 1/2 OELs. Conclusion The occupational health risk assessment results of three methods for a certain risk factor are not completely consistent. When the exposure concentration exceeds the OELs, the ICMM matrix method and the qualitative assessment method are more conservative. When the exposure concentration is lower than 1/2 OELs, the synthesis index method and the qualitative assessment method are more conservative.