“移孝作忠”的概念申说——以《孝经》诠释史为中心

About the Concept of “Filial Piety to Loyalty”:with Focus on the Interpretation of Classic of Filial Piety

"移孝作忠"是《孝经》中的重要思想,其概念甚广,包括孝、悌、爱、敬、忠、顺等,与父、母、君、长、上、兄形成错综复杂的关系。历代儒者对"移孝作忠"这些概念的诠释有所演变、创新,甚至偏离。通过对"移孝作忠"所涉及的概念及概念之间的关系的梳理,将历代儒者对"移孝作忠"的诠释归纳为三个方面:对事父之孝的爱敬的取舍、孝与忠的关系与"移孝作忠"的转移法。第一,对爱敬的取舍,经学时代的注解相对忠实于《孝经》原典,而宋代之后的诠释则体现了对时代问题的反思;第二,对孝与忠的关系的诠释,宋代之后深入阐发孝的本源意义,从本末、体用的角度考察孝忠关系;第三,关于"移孝作忠"的转移法,宋明理学解释为类推,并以类推方式将"移孝作忠"的诸多概念连结成为一个环环相扣的有机整体。

＂Filial Piety to Loyalty＂is an important thought in Classic of Filial Piety,involves a wide range of concepts,including filial piety,loyalty,love,respect,and obedience and forms the complicated relationship between father,mother,king,the elder,superior and the elder brother.The interpretations of the concept of ＂Filial Piety to Loyalty＂from generations of Confucians have been evolved,innovated,and even deviated.Through the combing of these concepts and the relationship between them,the interpretations can be categorized into three aspects：the choice of love and respect for father,the interpretation of the relationship between filial piety and loyalty and the transfer of＂Filial Piety to Loyalty＂.Firstly,as for the choice of love and respect,the annotation of Confucian classics is relatively loyal to Classic of Filial Piety,while the interpretation after the Song Dynasty reveals the reflection on the issue of the times.Secondly,the interpretation of the relationship between filial piety and loyalty after the Song Dynasty clarifies the original significance of filial piety and examines the relationship between filial piety and loyalty from the end of the present as well as practical use.Thirdly,as for the transfer method of＂shifting filial piety to loyalty＂,the Confucians in the Song and Ming Dynasties explain it as analogy and through analogy various concepts are connected with each other to become an interlocking organic whole.