日本解禁集体自卫权的非法性分析

An Analysis of the Illegality of Japan's Lifting of Ban for Collective Self-defense

日本通过新安保法解禁集体自卫权从来不是单纯国家的政策问题,它首先是一个法理问题。宪法文本与现实社会之间的错位使得宪法解释成为必须,当宪法解释到极致便是宪法修改。但无论宪法解释还是宪法修改必须遵循宪法的"根本规范"。宪法第9条体现的和平主义原理便是制约制宪权和修宪权的根本规范。因此,日本解禁集体自卫权不只是违背国内宪法第9条,更确切地说它触动了宪法确立的"和平国家"体制,是对制宪权的僭越。此外,作为一部"外加性"宪法,《日本国宪法》的正当性和权威性来源于国际条约《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》和《日本投降书》,因此违反宪法第9条解禁集体自卫权很大程度上是变更国际社会共同生活的基础。

The lifting of the ban for collective self-defense in Japan is never merely a strategic policy change but primarily a jurisprudential problem. The unbalance between constitution text and the changing social reality makes the necessity of constitutional interpretation. The limitation of constitutional interpretation will inevitably lead to amendment of constitution. Both constitutional interpretation and amendment must abide by the ＂basic norms＂ such as the pacifism principle reflected in article 9 of Japanese Constitution. Nevertheless, Japan＇ s approval of the new National Security Bills in 2015 and the lifting of ban for collective self-defense has not only violated the provision of article 9, but also infringes the basic norms of pacifism and fundamental institution of ＂peace nation＂ based on the Japanese Constitution, which is actually an arrogation of the constitution power. In addition, as an ＂extrinsic＂ constitution, the authority and legitimacy of Japanese Constitution is derived from a series of international treaties including The Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Proclamation and Japanese Instrument of Surrender. In this sense, the amendment of article 9 related to the lifting of ban for collective selfdefense is more likely to change the practical cohabitation foundation of international community.