基于激光微纳制造技术在工程材料基底构筑超疏水表面的技术及应用进展

Advances in the superhydrophobic surfaces based on engineering materials textured by a micro-nano laser technology

21世纪以来,随着激光技术的发展,可用激光法制备超疏水表面的材料越来越多。为满足在自清洁、抗污、油水分离等方面不同需求,用激光法制备超疏水表面时需要选择不同材料作为基底。金属材料硬度大,稳定性和耐用性好,以此为基底制造出的超疏水表面在自清洁,抗结冰,抗污等方面表现优异,此外也可用于制备其它超疏水表面的模板。无机非金属材料品种繁多,性能各异,所制备的超疏水表面应用各不相同,有些生物相容性优良,有些可用于油水分离或制造超级电容器。聚合物材料弹性好,密度小,耐摩擦,以此为基底制造出的超疏水材料可用于耐磨设备和微流体装置制造。介绍了激光制备超疏水表面的基本原理,重点论述了激光制备超疏水表面的常用基底:金属基底,无机非金属基底和聚合物基底。金属基底包括铝合金、不锈钢、铜,无机非金属基底包括石英晶体和石墨烯,聚合物基底包括聚二甲基硅氧化烷(PDMS)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等。在归纳当前不同基底制造出的超疏水表面的性能及应用基础上,对未来激光制备超疏水材料的发展作了展望。

With the development of laser technology,more and more materials can be used to make superhydrophobic surfaces.In order to meet the different needs of self-cleaning,anti-fouling and oil-water separation,different materials need to be selected as the substrates for making superhydrophobic surfaces by laser.The metal substrates are of high hardness,stability and durability,and the superhydrophobic surfaces produced from these substrates are excellent in self-cleaning,anti-freezing and anti-fouling.It is also used to create templates for other superhydrophobic surfaces.Inorganic non-metallic materials have a wide variety of properties,thus the performances of superhydrophobic surface are different.Some of these kind materials have good biocompatibility,some are suitable for oil-water separation and manufacturing of super capacitors.The polymer base has good elasticity,low density and friction resistance,and the superhydrophobic materials made from these substrates can be used in industrial manufacturing and microfluidic devices.This review briefly introduces the basic principle of laser manufacturing superhydrophobic and mainly discussed the common bases of laser manufacturing superhydrophobic surface：the metal base,inorganic nonmetallic substrate and the polymer base.The metal base includes aluminum alloy,stainless and copper.Inorganic nonmetals include quartzcrystals and graphene.The polymer substrate includes PDMS polymer and PTFE.The properties and applications of different superhydrophobic surfaces produced by different bases are described in detail.In the end,the application of superhydrophobic surfaces manufactured by laser is summarized and prospected.