日粮中添加稻壳粉对雏火鸡免疫性能、血清生化和激素指标及肠道组织结构的影响

Effect of rice husk powder added to diet on immunity performance, serum biochemical and hormone indexes and intestinal tissue structure of young turkeys

为研究饲粮中添加稻壳粉对雏火鸡血清生化指标、免疫性能、激素水平及肠道结构影响,选取体重接近的1日龄贝蒂娜雏火鸡100只,随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加稻壳粉的饲粮,试验期为8周。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比,试验组血清中碱性磷酸酶、钙和磷的含量分别降低4.09%、1.74%和3.26%(P>0.05),试验组血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量分别增加2.25%和2.27%(P>0.05)。血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量分别降低1.68%、1.37%和1.42%(P>0.05)。试验组与对照组相比,试验组脾脏重、胸腺重和法氏囊重分别增加36.08%、28.48%和25.17%(P<0.05),脾脏指数和法氏囊指数分别提高4.46%和4.97%(P>0.05),胸腺指数降低1.32%(P>0.05)。试验组与对照组相比,试验组血清胰岛素和生长激素水平分别增加3.78%(P>0.05)和11.97%(P=0.067),血清胰岛素样生长因子水平降低0.78%(P>0.05)。在雏火鸡日粮中添加稻壳粉,试验组与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(V/C)和肌层厚度分别增加23.34%、44.54%和33.26%(P<0.05),隐窝深度减少15.66%(P<0.05),绒毛宽度增加31.54%(P=0.053)。试验组和对照组相比,试验组空肠的绒毛高度和肌层厚度分别增加26.07%和23.43%(P<0.05),绒毛宽度增加5.77%(P>0.05),隐窝深度减少15.41%(P<0.05),V/C增加41.10%(P<0.01)。试验组和对照组相比,试验组回肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度分别减少2.17%和11.69%(P>0.05),绒毛宽度和V/C分别增加10.03%和11.07%(P>0.05),肌层厚度增加12.04%(P<0.05)。综上所述,在雏火鸡日粮中添加稻壳粉,对雏火鸡的血清生化指标没有显著的影响,能促进免疫器官的生长发育,提高免疫性能、血清中胰岛素和生长激素水平,显著改善小肠肠道结构,增强消化吸收能力,促进雏火鸡的生长发育。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding rice husk powder to diets on serum biochemical parameters,immune performance,hormone levels,and intestinal structure of young turkeys.One hundred 1 day-old Bettina young turkeys with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups.Each group had 5 replicates,each with 10 replicates.The control group was fed basal diet,and the experimental group was fed diet supplemented with rice hull flour for a test period of 8 weeks.The results showed that the content of alkaline phosphatase,calcium,and phosphorus in the test group decreased by 4.09%,1.74% and3.26% compared with the control group（P 〉 0.05）.Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased by2.25% and 2.27%（P 〉 0.05）.Compared with the control group,the total protein,albumin,and globulin contents in the test group decreased by 1.68%,1.37% and 1.42%,respectively（P 〉 0.05）.Compared with the control group,the spleen weight,thymus weight,and bursa weight in the test group increased by 36.08%,28.48% and25.17%,respectively（P 〈 0.05）.The spleen index and bursa index increased by 4.46% and 4.97% in the test group（P 〉 0.05）,the thymus index decreased 1.32% in the experimental group（P 〉 0.05）.Compared with the control group,serum insulin and growth hormone levels in the experimental group increased by 3.78%（P 〉0.05） and 11.97%（P = 0.067）,respectively.The level of growth factors was decreased by 0.78%（P 〉 0.05）.Compared with the control group,the villus height,ratio of villus height/crypt depth（V/C）,and muscle thickness of the duodenum of the test group increased by 23.34%,44.54% and 33.26%（P 〈 0.05）,crypt depth decreased by 15.66%（P 〈 0.05）,and villus width increased by 31.54%（P =0.053）.Compared with the control group,the villus height and muscle thickness of the test group increased by 26.07% and 23.43%（P 〈 0.05）,the width of the villus increased by 5.77%（P 〉 0.05）,and the crypt depth decreased by 15.41%（P 〈 0.05）,V/C increased 41.10%（P 〈 0.01）.Compared with the control group,the villus height and crypt depth of the experimental group were decreased by 2.17% and 11.69%（P 〉 0.05）,and the villus width and V/C were increased by10.03% and 11.07%,respectively（P 〉 0.05）.Muscle thickness increased by 12.04%（P 〈 0.05）.In summary,the addition of rice hull flour to young turkey diets has no significant effect on the serum biochemical indicators of young turkeys.It could promote the growth and development of immune organs,improve immune performance,increase serum insulin and growth hormone levels.Significantly improve intestinal intestinal structure,enhance digestion and absorption capacity,promote the growth and development of young turkeys.