水资源需求管理与水资源软路径对比研究

Comparative studies on demand management and soft path for water resources management

水资源需求管理和水资源软路径是当前水资源管理的两种主流思潮。通过两种水资源管理思路的对比发现,水资源软路径是对水资源需求管理的深化,是更高层次的需求管理。我国的节水型社会建设、最严格水资源管理制度和水生态文明建设都超越了水资源需求管理,与水资源软路径高度契合。利用水资源软路径可以提升我国水资源管理的水平,具体包括三个方面的建设:打造绿色经济体系,增加经济社会发展与水资源的"脱钩"程度;打造水利命运共同体,优化政府、市场和社会"三位一体"的水资源管理格局;加强水质水量匹配管理,提升水资源管理的精细化程度。

Demand management and soft path have become the mainstream trend of thought for water resources management. Through comparison of these two, it is found that the soft path approach can be regarded as furthering up and higher level of demand management. The current initiatives of China namely water-saving society establishment,stringent water resources management system and water ecological civilization all surpass demand management and tally with the soft path approach, which may enhance the level of water resources management in China in three dimensions： forging green economy to disconnect social-economic development with water resources; creating community for common destiny to optimize water resources management pattern with integration of government, market and the general public; emphasizing both water quantity and quality for delicacy management of water resources.