生草栽培对白龙江干热河谷地带油橄榄园小气候的影响

Effect of Sod-culture on the Microclimate of Olive Orchard in Bailong River Dry-hot Valley Region

为研究生草栽培对果园小气候的影响,为果园生草复合生态系统的生态环境效应评价提供依据,本研究以白龙江干热河谷地带种植毛苕子(Vicia villosa Roth)与自然生草的生草制油橄榄园为研究对象,以清耕果园为对照,在夏至和霜降后对果园空气温度、相对湿度、土壤温度等因子进行了连续14h的测定。结果表明:种植毛苕子和自然生草在6月和10月均可提高果园0~15cm土层的土温和地上50cm大气温度,土壤温度在6月时随着土层的加深呈先降低后升高的趋势,在10月时随着土层的加深呈升高趋势;在观测时间段内0~5cm土温波动程度大于5~10和10~15cm。果园空气湿度的日变化呈先降低再升高的趋势,生草有增湿的效应。灰色关联度分析结果表明白龙江干热河谷地带油橄榄园种植毛苕子小气候调节的综合效应高于自然生草。

To research the effect of sod-culture on the microclimate of orchards,and to provide the evaluation of the eco-environmental effects of the sod-culture orchard′s compound ecosystems,this study used the olive orchard in Bailong river dry-hot valley region as study subjects,which included intercropping vetch（Vicia villosa Roth）and naturally grown grass,respectively,and the clean tillage orchard as contrast.Air temperature,relative humidity and soil temperature of the orchard were measured continuously for 14 hafter summer solstice and hoar-frost falls.The results showed that sod-culture increased the soil temperature of 0-15 cm soil layer and the air temperature of 50 cm above-ground of the orchard in June and October.The soil temperature firstly decreased and then increased in June with the deepening of the soil layer,and only showed a increase trend in October with the deepening of the soil layer.During the observation period,soil temperature fluctuation of 0-5 cm soil layer was greater than that of 5-10 and 10-15 cm.The daily change of air humidity in the orchard first decreased and then increased,and the sod-culture had the effect of humidification.Furthermore,grey correlation analysis indicated that the integrated microclimatic effect of the vetch was higher than that of naturally grown grass in olive orchard in Bailong river basin.