ICU住院患者压疮及其危险因素分析

Analysis of Bedsore and Its Risk Factors in ICU Inpatients

目的了解ICU住院患者压疮患病率、分布特征及危险因素。方法采用自制的压疮现况调查表,选取我市两家三级甲等综合医院ICU 716例住院患者作为调查对象。结果 ICU住院患者压疮患病率为12.29%,院内压疮患病率为6.70%,难以避免压疮发生率为2.93%;最严重的压疮发生部位是骶尾部,最常见的压疮分期是Ⅱ期;通过Logistic回归分析发现,高龄、住院时间长、低白蛋白、低血红蛋白、低Braden总分、长期卧床、大小便失禁、未按时翻身、未使用减压敷料是压疮发生的危险因素(p<0.05)。结论应针对ICU患者高危人群和高危因素采取针对性预防和治疗护理措施,加强难以避免压疮的规范管理,提高护士压疮风险预测能力,重视压疮数据上报的真实性与准确性。

Objective To investigate the prevalence, distribution and risk factors of bedsore in ICU inpatients. Methods We selected 716 inpatients from ICU of two tertiary grade A hospitals. They were investigated using a self-design bedsore status questionnaire. Results The total prevalence rate of bedsore in ICU inpatients was 12.29%, the prevalence rate of bedsore inside hospital was 6.7%, and the incidence rate of unavoidable bedsore was 2.93%. The most serious bedsore occurred at the sacral tail, and the most common bedsore was in stage II. Logistic regression analysis found that old age, long hospitalization time, low albumin, Low hemoglobin, low Braden score, long-term stay in bed, incontinence, failure to roll over on time, no use of decompression dressings were risk factors of bedsore（p〈0.05）. Conclusion The preventive and curative nursing measures targeting on risk factors should be taken to the high-risk patients, to strengthen the standard management of the bedsore and improve the risk prediction ability of the nurses, and to pay attention to the validation and accuracy of the data report of bedsore.