美国扩大美元交易域外管辖对中国的挑战及其应对

American Expansion of Exterritorial Jurisdiction over U.S. Dollar Transactions: Challenges to China and China's Reponses

美元域外管辖的扩大使得多家中国企业、金融机构在"走出去"的过程中因触犯美国单边经济制裁立法、《反海外腐败法》而受到美国制裁。在美国通过美元连接点扩大域外管辖的背景下,"去美元化"(De-Dollarization)成为一种趋势。随着人民币成为国际货币基金组织的特别提款权货币,人民币将在国际结算中发挥更加重要的作用。贸易中人民币被认为将成为美元的替代货币。因此,我们一方面需要考虑人民币国际化过程中,如何建立起配套的金融监管制度;同时,"去美元化"进程中中美两国利益的冲突、中国的战略选择也对我国立法者、政策制定者提出新的挑战。在这一背景下,研究美国基于美元交易建立域外管辖的立法、司法实践,将为我国完善金融监管立法带来思考与启示,具有重要的现实意义。

The expansion of U. S. dollar exterritorial jurisdiction has made numerous Chinese enterprises and financial institutions sanctioned for the violation of U. S. unilateral economic sanction laws and the Foreign Corruption Practices Act during the process of ＂going global＂. Under the background of the U. S. expansion of extraterritorial jurisdiction over U. S. dollar transactions, ＂De-Dollarization ＂ is becoming a trend. As Renminbi has become one of the Special Drawing Rights（ SDR） currencies of the International Monetary Fund（ IMF）,Renminbi is expected to play an increasingly important role in international settlements. Therefore,on one hand,we need to consider how to construct the supporting financial regulation systems during the process of the internationalization of Renminbi. On the other hand,as the conflicts of the interests between China and the United States and China＇s coping tactics in response to＂De-Dollarization＂pose new challenges to Chinese legislators and policy makers,research on the legislative and judicial practices of the United States＇ establishment of extraterritorial jurisdiction over U. S. dollar transactions will shed on reflections and enlightenments to improve Chinese financial regulatory legislations,which is of great practical significance.