小麦与野燕麦远缘杂交亲本及后代核型研究

Karyotypes of the Parents and Progenies From Wide Cross Triticum × Avena Fatua L.

为了探索小麦与野燕麦远缘杂交后代的核型特点,本试验采用根尖压片法对小麦、野燕麦及其远缘杂交后代稳定株系进行了核型分析。结果表明:母本小麦的染色体数目为28条,核型为1A或2A;父本野燕麦的染色体数目为14或42,核型为2A或2B;三个远缘杂交组合后代的染色体数目为42,核型为2A或2B。杂交后代0878株系染色体相对长度分布在3.38~6.09,染色体长度比为1.80,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m(2sat)+6sm(2sat)。T2W3株系的染色体相对长度分布在3.23~6.66,染色体长度比为2.06,核型公式为2n=6x=42=30m(2sat)+10sm+2st(2sat)。TP2株系染色体相对长度分布在2.59~7.19,染色体长度比为2.78,核型公式为2n=6x=42=6M+24m(2sat)+12sm(2sat)。小麦与野燕麦成功远缘杂交获得了进化程度高于其母本的普通小麦型小麦新种质。

The karyotypes of the parents and stable progeny from wide cross Triticum × Avena Fatua L. were analyzed for understanding the progeny chromosomal characterization in the present study. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of female parents were 28,which belonged to the type 1 A or 2 A. The male parents contained 12 or 42 chromosomes,ascribed to the type 2 A or 2 B. The progeny from three wide crosses included 42 chromosomes,assigned to the type 2 A or 2 B. The chromosome relative lengths of the lines 0878,T2 W3 and TP2 were in the ranges of 3. 38-6. 09,3. 23-6. 66 and 2. 59-7. 19,respectively. Their chromosome length ratios were 1. 80,2. 06 and 2. 78,respectively. Their karyotypic formulas were 2 n = 6 x = 42= 36 m（ 2 sat） ＋ 6 sm（ 2 sat）,2 n = 6 x = 42 = 30 m（ 2 sat） ＋ 10 sm ＋ 2 st（ 2 sat） and 2 n = 6 x = 42 = 6 M ＋ 24 m（ 2 sat） ＋ 12 sm（ 2 sat）,respectively. The new common wheat germplasm,more evolutive than their female parents,was achieved from the wide cross Triticum × Avena fatua L.