青岛市城阳区老年慢性非传染性疾病的流行病学调查

Epidemiological study on chronic non-communicable diseases and their influencing factors in elderly patients in Chengyang district of Qingdao city

目的了解青岛市城阳区老年常住居民常见慢性非传染性疾病患病流行情况及其影响因素,为老年慢性病的干预治疗提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法对青岛市城阳区8个街道的9 198名≥65岁常住居民进行问卷调查。结果流行病学调查发现,65~69岁年龄组参与度最高,比例为42.81%。老年慢性病非传染性疾病患病率前4位的依次为高血压(HT)6 546人(71.16%)、超重/肥胖(OW/OB)6 312人(68.62%)、血脂异常(DLP)5 996人(65.18%)和高血糖(HG)5 856人(63.66%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,慢性非传染性疾病患病风险与年龄(OR=4.547,95%CI=3.162~7.834)、吸烟(OR=3.252,95%CI=2.125~4.608)、高脂肪和低植物(OR=3.870,95%CI=3.440~4.202)、心理状态(OR=2.426,95%CI=2.030~2.880)和丧偶(OR=1.148,95%CI=1.041~1.504)呈正相关;与文化程度大专及以上(OR=0.513,95%CI=0.419~0.780)、自我保健认知度(OR=0.452,95%CI=0.310~0.762)、家庭经济收入(OR=0.956,95%CI=0.936~0.989)、身体活动水平(OR=0.845,95%CI=0.796~0.995)呈负相关。结论HT、OW/OB、DLP及HG是青岛市城阳区老年常住居民常见的慢性病,慢性病患病的影响因素为年龄、吸烟情况、戒烟、高脂肪和低植物、心理状态和丧偶;文化程度大专及以上、自我保健认知度、家庭经济收入、身体活动水平是其保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and their influencing factors among elderly permanent residents in Chengyang district of Qingdao city, and to provide theoretical basis for the intervention treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly. Methods Multi-stratified clustering sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 9 198 residents（more than 65 years old） of 8 subdistricts in Chengyang district of Qingdao city. Results The epidemiological investigation revealed that the 65～69 year old group had the highest participation rate（42.81%）. The prevalence rates of chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases were ranked as follows： hypertension（HT）（71.16%）, overweight/obesity（OW/OB）（68.62%）, dyslipidemia（DLP）（65.18%） and hyperglycemia （HG） （63.66%）. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases were positively related to age（OR=4.547, 95%CI=3.162～7.834）, smoking status（OR=3.252, 95%CI=2.125～4.608）, high fat and low plant foods（OR=3.870, 95%CI=3.440～4.202）, psychological status（OR=2.426, 95%CI=2.030～2.880） and spouses loss（OR=1.148, 95%CI=1.041～1.504）, and were negatively related to college education（OR=0.513, 95%CI=0.419～0.780）, self-care awareness（OR=0.452, 95%CI=0.310～0.762）, family income（OR=0.956, 95%CI=0.936～0.989）, and physical activity levels（OR=0.845, 95%CI=0.796～0.995）. Conclusion HT, OW/OB, DLP and HG are the common chronic diseases in the elderly residents in Chengyang district of Qingdao city. The risk factors are age, smoking, high fat and low plant foods, mental state and spouses loss. The protective factors are college education, self-care awareness, family income and physical activity.