对我国未生效条约在涉外民商事裁判中的适用

On the application of the non-effective treaty in China in foreign-related civil and commercial judgment

未生效条约越来越多地适用在司法实践中。未生效条约的适用逻辑,主要体现在其得以适用的理论依据、我国立法和司法解释对未生效条约适用的规定。然而,我国现有立法和司法解释并不能很好地满足涉外民商事裁判的现实需要。由此,结合对未生效条约在实践适用中具体案例的分析,指出其在适用中存在的问题,提出完善未生效条约在涉外民商事裁判中的适用。可主要从以下几个方面予以考虑:规定可选择适用未生效条约的当事人包括有独立请求权的民事诉讼第三人;逐步将未生效条约的适用领域扩展至合同以外的其他必要领域;除了当事人的选择适用,未生效条约的适用方式还包括法院主动依职权的适用;在司法解释中将未生效条约的适用性质确定为准据法。

More and more non-effective treaties are being applied in judicial practice. The applicable logic of the non-effective treaty is mainly reflected in the theoretical basis for its application,the provisions of China＇s legislation and judicial interpretation on the application of the non-effective treaty. How ever,China＇s existing legislation and judicial interpretations do not satisfactorily meet the practical needs of foreign-related civil and commercial judgments. Therefore,combined with the analysis of the specific cases in the practical application of the non-effective treaty,the paper points out the problems in its application. To improve the application of non-effective treaty in foreign-related civil and commercial judgments,it can be considered mainly from the follow ing aspects： the parties can be chosen to apply the non-effective treaty including a third party in a civil action with independent claim; the applicable field can be extended to other necessary areas beyond the contract; in addition to the choice of the parties,the application of the non-effective treaty also includes the application of the court＇s active ex officio; in the judicial interpretation,the applicable nature of the non-effective treaty is determined as the applicable law.