干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白抗病毒机制研究进展

Advances in antiviral study on interferon-induced transmembrane protein

干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白(IFITM)是一类新型抗病毒细胞防御分子,其在人体组织细胞中普遍表达,主要定位于质膜、内体及溶酶体中,这些部位是病毒侵入细胞的主要靶点。IFITM通过抑制病毒与宿主细胞间的膜融合,从而限制多种病毒侵染,包括埃博拉病毒、流感病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒、登革热病毒、西尼罗病毒和寨卡病毒等。虽然,IFITM已经被证明可以抑制8个病毒科数十种病毒,而且其主要抑制病毒进入阶段的融合过程,但IFITM抗病毒机制尚未明确。近年来IFITM的抗病毒作用及其机制已成为相关领域的研究热点。现就IFITM抗病毒谱及抗病毒机制研究进展作一综述。

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins（IFITMs）, a class of novel discovered viral restriction factors, are widely expressed in human tissue cells, mainly located in plasma membrane and endolysosomal comparments, which are the main targets of the virus entry. By inhibiting membrane fusion between virus and cell membrane, IFITMs restrict the entry of a broad spectrum of viruses, including Ebola virus, influenza A virus, severe acute respiratory syndromes（SARS） coronavirus, dengue virus, West Nile virus and Zika virus. Although IFITM has been shown to be able to suppress the infection of virus of the eight virus families, and it primarily inhibits the fusion process of the virus entry stage, but the mechanism of IFITM antiviral activity remains unknown. In recent years, the antiviral effect of IFITM and its mechanism has become a hotspot in related fields. Here the recent advance of IFITM＇s antiviral spectrum and underlying mechanism of how these proteins exert antiviral function were reviewed.