21世纪中国农业与农村可持续发展方向和策略

Orientation and Tactics for 21st Century Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in China

中国是一个历史悠久的农业大国 ,农民占全国总人口的 70 %,农村占城镇村居民点建成面积的 86 .1%,农业只占国民生产总值的 17.2 %。中国的基本国情决定了农业、农村、农民在国民经济和现代化建设中的关键地位 ;加入WTO后的中国农业和农村经济发展 ,既迎来了新的机遇 ,也将面临更大的挑战。基于对中国农业与农村经济发展特点与问题的初步分析 ,提出了 2 1世纪中国农业与农村可持续发展应选择产业化、生态化、国际化和地区化的发展方向与模式 ,并将重点在优化制度环境、完善保障体系和突破结构制约等几个方面进行深化改革与创新。

China is an agricultural country with a long history, its peasants making up more than 70 percent of its total population, its rural areas taking up more than 86.1 percent of its whole resident areas and its agricultural output value nearly contributing 17.2 percent to its GNP. The basic conditions of China determine the pivotal roles of agriculture, rural area and peasants in national economy and the construction of modernization. After entering WTO, Chinese agriculture and the development of rural economy will not only face new opportunities but also are confronted with greater challenges. Based on the preliminary analysis of the traits and problems in Chinese agriculture and rural economic development, this article put forward that Chinese sustainable agriculture and rural economic development should select the developing direction and model of industrialization, ecologicalization, internationalization and localization in the 21st Century, and lay stress on optimizing the institutional environment, consummating the guaranteeing system and breaking through the structural limitation to further reform and innovation.