某苹果主产区苹果中农药残留污染状况调查分析

Survey and Analysis of Pesticide Residues Contamination Status in Apple in Major Production Areas

为掌握特定地域生产和流通环节苹果中农药残留污染现状,评价其污染水平,为生产监管提供依据。采用随机采样方法,2016年～2017年于种植环节、流通环节共采集样本460份,参照《2016年国家食品污染和有害因素风险工作手册》中规定的标准操作程序进行34种农药残留的检测,依据GB 2763-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》规定的相应农药残留限量值判定检测结果。结果表明抽检的苹果样本中存在6种农药残留,总体检出率为53.91%(248/460),按照GB 2763-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》判定,无超标样本,合格率100%。苹果中多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵检出率最高,分别为49.78%(229/460)和12.83%(59/460)。种植环节和流通环节样品农药检出率分别为55.89%(223/399)和40.98%(25/61),种植环节样品中存在6种农药残留阳性检出,流通环节样品则检出3种农药残留。2016年和2017年样品的农药残留检出率分别为53.04%(122/230)和54.78%(126/230),年度间比较无统计学意义(χ~2=0.14,p=0.708)。各监测点间比较,有统计学意义(χ~2=20.15,p=0.009 79)。苹果主产区苹果主要存在低毒类杀菌剂残留,残留值未超出国标规定限量值,其潜在风险较小,对居民健康未构成风险。

To determine the contents of pesticide residues in apple of a particular area sampling from planting links and intermediate links,evaluate the pollution status of them,and provide the basis for regulation on production. 460 samples were collected from planting links and intermediate links according to the principle of random sampling in 2016 and 2017. The contents of 34 kinds of pesticide residues were determined by the Handbook on national food pollution and hazardous factors,2016 and the pollution status was evaluated by GB 2763-2016 National food safety standard--Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food. 6 kinds of pesticide residues was detected.The positive rate of pesticide residues was 53.91% （248/460）in apples. The detected pesticide was not exceeding the standard according to GB 2763-2016,which 100 % met the national standard. Two pesticides detected at the highest concentrations were carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl with detection rate of 49,78 % （229/460）and 12,83 % （59/460）, Pesticide detection rate was 55,89 % （223/399）and 40,98 % （25/61）in planting links and intermediate links,6 kinds of pesticide residues was detected in planting links samples,while 3 kinds of pesticide residues was detected in intermediate links samples,The detectable rates of pesticide residue was 53,04 % （122/230）in 2016 and 54,78 % （126/230）in 2017,which has no significant difference （x2=0.14, p=0.708）,There was statistical significance between different monitoring points （X2=20,15, p=0.009 79）, There was mainly low-toxicity pesticide residues in apple of a particular area,The residual value was not exceeded the prescribed limits of GB, There was light potential risk for various pesticides, so they didn＇t pose any special health risks for residents health,