塔式太阳能接收器研究进展

Research Progress of Tower-type Solar Power Receiver

介绍了塔式太阳能热发电技术的工作原理及特性、塔式太阳能接收器使用工质及适用结构等关键技术.根据工质类型对塔式太阳能接收器进行了分类,重新总结现有的各接收器型式,分析了各种类型接收器的使用范围、优缺点及其瓶颈.液态钠工质的提出,使液态金属接收器的发展有了新的可能性;水/水蒸气接收器和空气接收器发展最早且使用最广泛,但是其接收器热效率难以进一步提高;熔盐接收器效率高、使用广,但是熔盐在超过600℃的高温下会分解,难以往高参数方向发展;复合接收器结合了2种工质,提高了效率但结构复杂;粒子接收器是新发展的一种接收器类型,工作温度和光热转换效率都有很大提升,但是结构复杂有待改进,目前无法广泛投入使用.综上所述,接收器的工质和结构对接收器效率的影响尤为突出,选取合适的工质和优化接收器结构是接收器未来的研究方向.

The characteristics and operation principle of tower solar thermal power generation technology and the key technologies of tower solar receivers such as working fluids and suitable structures were introduced in this paper. Meanwhile, the tower solar receivers were classified based on the types of working fluids and the advantages and disadvantages of the current type of receivers were analyzed. When the liquid sodium was proposed, the liquid metal receiver becomes the new promising receiver. Water/water-stream receivers and air receivers are the earliest and widely applied types of tower solar receivers, but the themlal efficiency is limited. The molten salt cavity receiver has the higher thermal efficiency. However, the molten salt will decompose when the operation temperature is over 600 ℃. The dual receiver applies the two kinds of working fluids in order to improve the thermal efficiency, whereas the structure is too complex to be practical application. What＇ s more, the particle receiver is the new promising receiver, which can improve the operating temperature and solar-to-electric efficiency. The structure of the particle receiver is very complex, so the particle receiver is not widely used in the tower solar system at present. To sum up, the effects of the working fluids and the structure of receiver are highlighted, the main research direction of the tower solar receiver is to select theappropriate working-fluid and optimize the receiver structure.