伊春市城镇体系的演变及对策——一个“边缘化”地区的实例

An Example of Marginalized Region: Evolution of Yichun Urban System and Its Strategy

伊春市位于黑龙江省北部边陲 ,小兴安岭腹地 ,社会经济和城镇系统是伴随小兴安岭森林资源的大规模开发而形成的。在 1990年代的区域发展中 ,与主流和核心地区相比 ,在先进生产力和生存方式发展方面的差距在拉大 ,表现出日益“边缘化”的特征。此间 ,市域城镇体系特征发生了一系列变化 ,主要特征表现为作为支撑各城镇发展的新的基本经济部门成长缓慢 ,各城镇的成长已经走向分化 ,而且这种分化在市域内部印证了“边缘化”现象的存在。作为地广人稀、生态条件优越的地区 。

This study is based on a series of field investigation works that were done specially in the early and late 1990s.Yichun is situated in the border area of northern part of Heilongjiang Province, and in the hinterland of Xiao Hinggan Mountains. Its social economic and urban systems are formed with the large scale exploiting of Xiao Hinggan Mountains forest reserves. In the regional development in the 1990s, its process in economy and living pattern has been falling behind the mainstream regions, and Yichun was increasingly becoming a marginalized region. A series of changes in the urban system had taken place: (1) Urbanization level was superficial high, and the population continued concentrating. (2) Resources and locations were the decisive factors of town′s increasing, stagnating or falling. (3) Central city was still weak, urban size structure was proportionate, but the rank size relativity fell. (4) As basic economic sector that supported urban growth, forest industry was declining, meanwhile, substitute ones grew slowly, only in isolated towns ecological tourism developed at the outset. (5) Expanded internal difference of urbanization between the south and north confirmed the existence of marginalization inside the municipal area. As a vast, sparsely populated area in good ecological state, Yichun has the opportunity to be lifted out of marginalization. Strategic points are creating conditions for reverses and qualitative changes, thus joining the external pioneer regions, giving impetus to development with interchange. Adopt unbalanced developing way. Separate the governments and enterprises, in order to establish an administrative system that suits to the needs of market economy and external opening. Join districts together and set up counties, cancel some districts and set up towns, in order to establish normal administrative area system. Promote central city to grow rapidly by way of integrating neighboring towns and concentrating the creams. Promote the port construction, develop business cooperation with Russia, in order to increase external contact ways, change the unfavorable influence of location.