凉山彝族自治州西昌市城区学龄前儿童龋齿情况调查及原因分析

A survey for dental caries in preschool children and cause analysis in Xichang city,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

目的了解凉山彝族自治州西昌市学龄前儿童龋病流行病学特征,探讨儿童龋病发生原因,为降低儿童龋齿发病率及制定防治措施提供依据。方法采用描述性统计学方法,分析2012~2016年西昌市11247例幼儿园年度体检数据,于2016年对龋病流行的相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 2012~2016年儿童龋齿患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),2012年和2013年龋齿患病率显著低于2014、2015和2016年。2016年学龄前儿童不同年龄之间龋齿患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),不同性别龋齿患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),按年龄分组在3岁组不同性别龋齿患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同民族之间龋齿患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.304,P<0.05),彝族儿童龋齿患病率低于汉族儿童(P<0.05)。结论提高家长及儿童口腔保健意识,加强儿童口腔保健工作的管理,寻找保护口腔的有利因素,去除病因,以降低儿童患龋率。

Objective To understand the epidemiology characteristics of caries disease in preschool children in Xichang city,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and explore the causes of the disease in order to reduce the morbidity of children＇s dental caries and provide evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the annual physical examination data of 11,247 kindergartens from 2012 to 2016 in Xichang city. The factors related to the prevalence of caries were investigated in 2016 data.Results There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of dental caries from 2012 to 2016（ P〈0. 001）.The prevalence of dental caries in 2012 and 2013 was significantly lower than that in 2014,2015 and 2016.The caries prevalence rate in different ages and different genders of the preschool children in 2016 was statistically significant（ P〈0. 001）. However,there was no statistical difference in genders in 3-years old group（ P〈0. 05）.The prevalence rate of dental caries among different ethnic groups was statistically significant（ χ2= 18. 304,P〈0. 05）,and the prevalence rate in Yi children was lower than that of Han children（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion We should improve the awareness of oral health care of parents and children,strengthen the management of oral health care in children,find the favorable factors to protect the oral cavity and remove the etiology. Thus,we could reduce the incidence of caries in children.