中国环境治理的两种模式:政策协调与制度优化

On two modes of environmental governance in China:Policy coordination and system optimization

自古至今,中国环境治理存在两种模式和路径:一是环境史观背景下的环境治理政策意蕴;二是环境伦理观背景下的环境治理制度需求。从当前中国环境治理的司法维度来看,环境治理存在环境政策难以协调推进的问题和环境司法制度更新完善的问题。而《关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》的颁布实施,为中国环境治理的政策协调和制度优化提供了指导方向。环境治理的政策协调,需要遵循超越环境保护主义的基本原则,对主体的要求为理解环境法律政策,具体的运作为环境治理的刑事政策分析和克服相关实施障碍。环境治理法律政策的实现,是一个环境法治系统工程,需要实现环境治理相关制度的优化和升级。这种制度优化,以生态整体主义为核心价值指导原则,从环境实体和环境程序两个体系,实现对现有治理技术与实践方式的融合。在实体方面,环境治理法律政策的实现,要求健全和完善相关法律法规之间的衔接机制;在程序方面,强调对于环境司法学的重视和对相应程序分类保障机制的倚重。

Since ancient times,there are two modes and paths of environmental governance in China. One is the environmental governance policy implication in the context of environmental history; the two is the demand of environmental governance system in the context of environmental ethics. From the perspective of the current judicial dimension of China＇s environmental governance,there are some problems such as the difficulty to coordinate the promotion of environmental policies, and the problem of the renewal and perfection of the environmental justice system. The implementation of the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of the Ecological Civilization provides guidance for the policy coordination and system optimization of China＇ s environmental governance. Policy coordination of the environmental governance needs to follow the basic principles of environmental protection beyond. The requirement for the main body is to understand the environmental legal policies, and the specific operation is the criminal policy analysis of environmental governance and the overcome of some obstacles. The realization of the legal policies of environmental governance is an environmental law system project,and it needs to realize the optimization and upgrading of the related system of environmental management. This system optimization is based on the guiding principle of the core value of ecological integrity,from the two systems of environmental entities and environmental procedures,to integrate the existing management technology and practice. In the aspect of entity, the realization of environmental governance laws and policies requires the improvement and perfection of the linking mechanism between relevant laws and regulations. In the aspect of procedure, we should emphasize on environmental justice studies and corresponding classification of procedure guarantee mechanism.