立案登记制改革:理论基础、运行困境与路径优化

The case registration system reform: Theoretical basis,operational dilemma and route optimization

2015年5月1日起中国正式实施立案登记制,将案件受理制度由审查制改为登记制,这符合当事人诉权保障的趋势和需求。立案登记制具备诉权保障的功能,可以多维度地践行诉权保障理念,但同时也带来了实践中的滥诉和法院案件数剧增等现实挑战。司法权的属性决定了司法的有限性,其不能解决所有社会纠纷。当立案登记制给审判实践带来的挑战遭遇司法有限性时,势必出现一定程度的冲突。为了平衡这种冲突,需从以下方面进一步优化立案登记制的改革路径:明确立案过程中登记与审查的关系;制定和实施受案范围的负面清单;健全减少需求供给的配套措施;推进立案环节案件的甄别分流;构建滥诉的惩治与防范机制;减少非司法负担对法官职业化的影响。

Since May 1,2015,China has formally implemented a case registration system. The system of accepting a case has been changed from a review system to a registration system,which is in line with the trend and demand of litigant protection. The registration system has the function of safeguarding the right of litigation.It can carry out the protection of litigation rights in multiple dimensions, but it also brings about practical challenges such as indiscriminate indictment and dramatic increase of court cases. The nature of judicial power determines its limitations,and it cannot solve all social disputes. A certain degree of conflict is bound to arise when the challenge brought by the registration system to trial practice encounters judicial limitations. In order to balance these conflicts,the reform of registration system should be further optimized in the following aspects：clarifying the relationship between registration and examination in the process of filing; formulating and implementing the negative list of scope of accepting cases; perfecting the supporting measures to reduce the supply of demand; promoting case discrimination and diversion in the process of filing; establishing the punishment and prevention mechanism of indiscriminate indictment; reducing the influence of non-judicial burden on the professionalization of judges.